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| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Male:female | 30:22 |
| Mean age, y (range) | 56.5 (31–84) |
| Preoperative diagnosis | |
| Degenerative grade I spondylolisthesis | 24 (46.2%) |
| Degenerative grade II spondylolisthesis | 7 (13.4%) |
| Degenerative disc disease with back or leg pain | 17 (32.7%) |
| Previous surgery/recurrent disc herniation | 4 (7.7%) |
| Levels involved | |
| L2–L3 | 2 (3.8%) |
| L3–L4 | 2 (3.8%) |
| L4–L5 | 35 (67.3%) |
| L5–S1 | 13 (25.0%) |
