Table 1.
Statistical evaluation of climbing fiber and Purkinje cell simple spike responses to the training stimuli
| Monkey L |
Monkey E |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climbing fiber instructive signal |
Climbing fiber instructive signal |
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| ρ (spikes per s) | θ (°) | P value | n | ρ (spikes per s) | θ (°) | P value | n | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | 0.81 | 147.8 | <0.001 | 15 | ×0T/×0BG | 0.84 | 171.7 | <0.001 | 33 |
| ×2T/×2BG | 0.66 | 1.8 | <0.001 | 15 | ×2T/×2BG | 0.91 | −3.9 | <0.001 | 27 |
| ×0T/×2BG | 0.05 | 5.3 | 0.39 | 15 | ×0T/×2BG | 0.08 | 115.3 | 0.84 | 30 |
| ×2T/×0BG | 0.21 | 54.0 | 0.02 | 14 | ×2T/×0BG | 0.24 | −18.6 | 0.002 | 26 |
| ×1T/×0BG | 0.59 | 152.1 | <0.001 | 12 | ×1T/×0BG | 0.59 | 163.9 | <0.001 | 25 |
| ×0.5T/×1BG | 0.07 | 15.8 | 0.24 | 14 | |||||
| ×1.5T/×0.5BG | 0.07 | −111.1 | 0.31 | 15 | |||||
| Paired t test | P value | N | Paired t test | P value | n | ||||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×0T/×2BG | <0.001 | 15 | ×0T/×0BG | ×0T/×2BG | <0.001 | 30 | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×1T/×0BG | 0.01 | 12 | ×0T/×0BG | ×1T/×0BG | <0.001 | 25 | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×2T/×2BG | <0.001 | 15 | ×0T/×0BG | ×2T/×2BG | <0.001 | 27 | ||
| ×2T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | <0.001 | 14 | ×2T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | <0.001 | 26 | ||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | 0.50 | 14 | ×0T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | <0.001 | 24 | ||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×0.5T/×1BG | 0.18 | 13 | ||||||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×1.5T/×0.5BG | 0.95 | 14 | ||||||
| Purkinje cell simple spike instructive signal |
Purkinje cell simple spike instructive signal |
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| ρ (spikes per s) | θ (°) | P value | n | ρ (spikes per s) | θ (°) | P value | n | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | 10.4 | −15.0 | <0.001 | 24 | ×0T/×0BG | 15.0 | −16.7 | <0.001 | 34 |
| ×2T/×2BG | 14.5 | 163.2 | <0.001 | 23 | ×2T/×2BG | 16.8 | 176.9 | <0.001 | 29 |
| ×0T/×2BG | 12.3 | −13.1 | <0.001 | 24 | ×0T/×2BG | 14.7 | −17.1 | <0.001 | 32 |
| ×2T/×0BG | 14.7 | 161.5 | <0.001 | 21 | ×2T/×0BG | 15.6 | 174.2 | <0.001 | 28 |
| ×1T/×0BG | 2.5 | 152.8 | 0.25 | 19 | ×1T/×0BG | 4.8 | −173.2 | <0.001 | 29 |
| ×0.5T/×1BG | 8.1 | −24.2 | <0.001 | 16 | |||||
| ×1.5T/×0.5BG | 11.9 | 178.9 | 0.003 | 17 | |||||
| Paired t test | P value | n | Paired t test | P value | n | ||||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×0T/×2BG | 0.19 | 24 | ×0T/×0BG | ×0T/×2BG | 0.58 | 32 | ||
| ×2T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | 0.51 | 21 | ×2T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | 0.06 | 28 | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×1T/×0BG | <0.001 | 19 | ×0T/×0BG | ×1T/×0BG | <0.001 | 25 | ||
| ×0T/×0BG | ×2T/×2BG | <0.001 | 22 | ×0T/×0BG | ×2T/×2BG | <0.001 | 27 | ||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×2T/×0BG | <0.001 | 25 | ||||||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×0.5T/×1BG | <0.001 | 14 | ||||||
| ×0T/×2BG | ×1.5T/×0.5BG | <0.001 | 15 | ||||||
Population average of the climbing fiber and Purkinje cell simple spike responses elicited by each training stimulus in monkey L (left) and E (right). The population response was calculated as the vector average of the responses in all individual neurons. θ indicates the phase of the neural responses relative to peak ipsiversive head velocity, with positive values reflecting phase lag. A one-sample t test was used to evaluate whether the population response was significantly different from zero during each training stimulus. Paired t tests were used to compare the neural responses to different training stimuli. ρ indicates the amplitude of firing rate modulation.