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Nitrite (NO2−), and nitrate (NO3−) can treat PAH via biotransformation into nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator. The nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway dominates under hypoxia (blue lung), and the arginine-NO pathway under normoxia (red lung). Abbreviations: nitric oxide synthase (NOS); xanthine oxidoreductase (XO); deoxyhemoglobin (deoxyHgb); oxyhemoglobin (oxyHgb); ceruloplasmin (CP); guanosine triphosphate (GTP); cytosolic guanylate cyclase (cGC); cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP).
