Table 3. Univariate regression analysis of factors associated with seroconversion in a cohort of 474 injection drug users followed for two years in Karachi, Pakistan.
| Variable | RR | 95% CI | p-value |
| Source of registration | |||
| Othersa (vs Outreach) | 1.3 | 0.9, 1.9 | 0.2 |
| Religion | |||
| Non Muslimsb (vs. Muslim) | 1.7 | 1.1, 2.7 | 0.02 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Non Sindhic (vs. Sindhi) | 0.9 | 0.6, 1.3 | 0.6 |
| Education | |||
| Illiterate (vs. Literate) | 1.2 | 0.8, 1.9 | 0.4 |
| Currently Sharing of needles/syringes | |||
| Yes (vs. No) | 2.4 | 1.7, 3.5 | <0.0001 |
| History of arrest | |||
| Yes (vs. No) | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.5 | 0.9 |
| Physical disability | |||
| Yes (vs. No0 | 2.0 | 0.9, 4.4 | 0.06 |
| Marital status | |||
| Unmarried (vs. Married) | 1.0 | 0.7, 1.4 | 0.9 |
| Monthly income Pakistani rupees d | |||
| <5000 (vs. ≥5000) | 1.5 | 1.0, 2.1 | 0.04 |
| Source of syringes/needles | |||
| Othere (vs. DIC & MSU)f | 1.6 | 1.1, 2.5 | 0.02 |
| Ever treated for sexually transmitted infection | |||
| Yes (vs. No) | 1.3 | 0.4, 4.2 | 0.6 |
| Home | |||
| Homeless (vs. having home) | 1.7 | 1.2, 2.5 | 0.008 |
| Daily frequency of injections (#/day) | 1.1 | 1.0, 1.3 | 0.03 |
a Government organization, non-governmental organization, community, and friends.
b Non-Muslim included 54 Christians and 2 Hindus vs. 418 Muslims.
c Non-Sindhis included Pathan, Punjabi, Hindko, Kashmiri, and Bengali.
≈US$ 56.d Approximately 90 rupees per US dollar in this time period, such that 5000 rupees
e Pharmacy, friends, and hospital garbage.
f Drop-in center and mobile service unit.