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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 15.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2013 Sep 19;112(10):10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.004. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.08.004

Table 4.

Electrocardiographic Findings and Abnormalities by Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Status in 9,479 HCHS/SOL Female Participantsa

ECG Findings No CVD Risk Factors 1 or 2 CVD Risk Factorsb 3+CVD Risk Factorsb Prevalent CVDb p-Trendc
Heart rate (bpm) 62.2 63.7 *** 67.3 *** 65.3 *** <.0001
PR duration (ms) 152.4 153.4 154.0 154.5 0.0698
QRS duration (ms) 87.2 88.4 ** 90.0 *** 90.5 *** <.0001
QT duration (ms) 418.8 419.6 414.0 *** 419.3 0.1232
QTc duration (ms) 426.1 434.5 *** 448.5 *** 441.0 *** <.0001
QT index (calculated)d 103.09 104.28 *** 105.04 *** 105.02 *** <.0001
Major Minnesota Code Abnormalities
Major Q wave abnormalities (MC 1.1, 1.2) 0.44 1.10 3.15 4.62 *** 0.0004
Minor Q wave plus major ST-T abnormalities (MC 1.3 + (4.1 or 4.2 or 5.1 or 5.2) 0.20 0.19 0.59 1.98 0.0311
Major isolated ST-T abnormalities (MC 4.1 or 4.2 or 5.1 or 5.2) 3.47 2.89 3.84 9.97 *** 0.0019
Left ventricular hypertrophy w/ major ST-T abn (MC 3.1 or 3.4) + (4.1 or 4.2 or 5.1 or 5.2) 0.09 0.07 0.50 1.38 * 0.0022
Atrial fibrillation/flutter (MC 8.3) 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.15 0.2003
Ventricular conduction defects (MC 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.8) 1.43 1.07 1.69 1.64 0.7409
Complete/intermittent LBBB (MC 7.1) 0.29 0.27 0.07 0.14 0.4879
Complete/intermittent RBBB (MC 7.2) 0.96 0.44 0.89 0.92 0.7967
Nonspecific IVCD (MC 7.4) 0.16 0.35 0.68 0.48 0.0509
Complete/intermittent RBBB with left anterior hemiblock (MC 7.8) 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.09 0.3363
Major AV conduction abnormalities (MC 6.1, 6.2) 0.00 −0.00 −0.00 0.08 0.3180
WPW (MC 6.4) 0.01 0.04 0.01 −0.01 0.8285
Major QT prolongation index (QTI ≥ 116 or JTI if QRS ≥120)d 0.21 0.49 * 0.55 2.24 * 0.0041
Other major arrhythmias (MC 8.2, 8.4.2 or 8.4.1 w/ HR ≥ 140) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .
Artificial pacemaker (MC 6.8) 0.00 −0.00 −0.01 0.40 0.1599
Any major ECG abnormality 5.40 5.23 9.04 * 16.71 *** <.0001
Minor Minnesota Code Abnormalities
Minor isolated Q waves (MC 1.3) 3.10 6.71 *** 7.75 *** 6.30 * 0.0003
Minor isolated ST, T abnormalities (MC 4.3, 4.4, 5.3, 5.4) 4.60 6.07 9.34 *** 11.37 ** <.0001
Tall R waves left (MC 3.1, 3.3, 3.4) 1.42 2.85 ** 5.99 ** 5.47 * 0.0002
Low voltage (MC 9.1) 2.37 2.51 1.90 3.62 0.6496
Tall R wave right (MC 3.2) 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.7051
ST elevation (MC 9.2) 0.78 1.75 * 1.33 2.43 0.0661
ST elevation (MC 9.2): Anterior leads 0.50 0.91 0.49 1.47 0.3335
ST elevation (MC 9.2): Lateral leads 0.15 0.84 * 0.31 0.72 0.1550
ST elevation (MC 9.2): Inferior leads 0.35 0.55 1.01 0.53 0.1745
Incomplete RBBB (MC 7.3) 1.96 1.58 1.98 3.34 0.5479
Left axis deviation (MC 2.1) 1.16 1.16 2.36 0.18 0.8717
Right axis deviation (MC 2.2) 0.00 0.00 −0.00 −0.00 0.3204
Minor QT prolongation index (QTI ≥ 112 < 116 or JTI if QRS ≥ 120)d 1.87 2.62 3.10 3.10 0.1880
Frequent VPB 9 (MC 8.1.2, 8.1.3,8.1.5) 0.50 0.46 0.09 1.92 0.4156
Sinus bradycardia (MC 8.8) 4.82 4.38 2.13 ** 3.13 0.0165
Other minor abnormalities (MC 6.3,6.5,8.1.1,8.1.4,8.4.1,8.7,9.3.) 6.99 6.10 7.00 9.45 0.3870

Abbreviations: ECG, electrocardiogram; CVD, cardiovascular disease; LBBB, left bundle branch block; RBBB, right bundle branch block; IVCD, intraventricular conduction delay; VPB, ventricular premature beats.

a

All values (except numbers of persons in headings) weighted for study design and non-response with use of SURVEY versions of SAS procedures. Numbers are age-adjusted means for continuous variables or prevalences (percents) of the indicated abnormality within each of the CVD risk factor groups.

b

*, **, *** for 0.05, 0.01, 0.001 significance level for comparison with No CVD Risk Group.

c

Age-adjusted p-value for trend from ordinal risk factor group variable in PROC SURVEYREG model.

d

QT Index = (QT Duration/656) * (Heart Rate + 100) unless QRS duration > 120: then QT Index = ((QT dur - QRS dur) / 518) * (Heart Rate + 100).

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