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. 2013 Dec 11;8:4707–4720. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S53254

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© 2013 Uram et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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The relevant regions of ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Pyr (trace a) and reaction mixtures composed of (left stack) pyruvate (Pyr, 40 mM) bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻, 40 mM), adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP; 25 mM), Mg²⁺ (both 40 mM), acetylcoenzyme A (AcCoA, 0.25 mM), biotin (2.5 mM), and pyruvate carboxylase (CL, 0.2 units); traces b–g (b, starting spectrum; c–g, after 5 minutes [c], 15 minutes [d], 40 minutes [e], 90 minutes [f], and 120 minutes [g] of reaction); (right stack) the concentration of Pyr, HCO ⁻, ATP, Mg²⁺³, and AcCoA as specified (series b-g), the 0.25 mM G3^9B, and 0.2 units of CL; traces i–m (i, starting spectrum; j–m, after 5 minutes [j], 10 minutes [k], 40 minutes [i], and 90 min [m] of reaction).