Table 1.
Characteristics of Sample Stratified by Site of Service Delivery (N=296)
| Total Population % (n) |
Integrated & Co-Located (n=97) |
Non-Co- Located (n=104) |
Harm Reduction & Outreach (n=95) |
p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Age in years (SD) (n=294) | 35.7 (7.0) | 36.9 (7.4) | 34.4† (6.3) | 35.9 (7.0) | <0.05 | |
| Female (n=292) | 34% | 32% | 33% | 37% | 0.747 | |
| Employment Status (n=268) | ||||||
| Unemployed | 46% | 63% | 40%† | 30%‡ | <0.001 | |
| Part time | 45% | 28% | 45% | 67% | ||
| Full time | 9% | 8% | 15% | 3% | ||
| Income Below Poverty (n=295) | 61% | 46% | 60% | 78%‡ | <0.001 | |
| Married (n=296) | 27% | 24% | 38%* | 20% | <0.05 | |
| Housing Status (n=294) | ||||||
| Lives alone | 11% | 13% | 3% | 16% | ||
| Lives with others | 89% | 87% | 97%† | 84% | <0.01 | |
| Education (n=295) | ||||||
| None | 1% | 0% | 1% | 1% | 0.419 | |
| Lower secondary | 18% | 15% | 16% | 23% | ||
| Upper secondary | 69% | 76% | 69% | 62% | ||
| University | 12% | 8% | 13% | 14% | ||
| Co-morbidities (n=294) | ||||||
| Hepatitis C | 60% | 76% | 61%* | 43%‡ | <0.001 | |
| OST Characteristics | <0.001 | |||||
| On any OST | 201 | 97 | 104 | 0 | ||
| On MMT | 61% | 71% | 51% | N/A | <0.01 | |
| On BMT | 39% | 29% | 49% | N/A | ||
| Time on OST (months) (SD) | 31.8 (24.8) | 31.0 (26.1) | 32.6 (23.6) | N/A | 0.641 | |
| Lifetime Injection of Opioids in years (SD) (n=294) | 11.4 (8.0) | 14.4 (7.1) | 11.0† (8.7) | 8.6‡ (6.9) | <0.001 | |
| Times in Prison (SD) (n=271) | 3.1 (5.6) | 4.1 (6.4) | 3.7 (6.5) | 1.5‡ (2.1) | <0.01 | |
*
Significantly different from ICL at p<0.05
†
Significantly different from ICL at p<0.01
‡
Significantly different from ICL at p<0.001
Legend: OST=opioid substitution therapy;
MMT=methadone maintenance therapy;
BMT=buprenorphine maintenance therapy