Table 1.
Clinical features of 18 patients with HM and other accompanying symptoms
| Patient | Gender | Age (years) | Age at onset (years) | Triggering factors | Diagnosis | Other ictal features | Other | Family history | Origin | Mutation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5C | F | 50 | 11–12 | – | FHM | – | – | MA, HM | Spain | – |
| A03_44 | F | 66 | – | – | FHM | – | Nystagmus, progressive ataxia | HM | Spain | p.Thr501Met (CACNA1A) |
| A00_100 | F | 31 | Adolescent | – | FHM | Episodic ataxia | Progressive ataxia, cerebellar atrophy on MRI | HM, MA, EA2 | Spain | p.Arg583Gln (CACNA1A) |
| 99 | F | 40 | 8 | Fasting | SHM | MA | – | MO | Spain | – |
| 112 | M | 19 | 11–12 | – | SHM | MO | – | Headache | Spain | – |
| 157 | M | 15 | 8 | Stress | HM (1 episode) | MA | – | MA, MO, vestibular migraine | Spain | – |
| 161 | M | 20 | 11 | – | SHM | – | – | Spain | – | |
| 322B | F | 47 | <10 | – | FHM | MA | Interictal cerebellar signs | HM, interictal nystagmus | Spain | p.Thr666Met (CACNA1A) |
| 388A | F | 15 | 11 | – | FHM | – | – | HM | Spain | – |
| 391A | F | 11 | 5 | Stress | SHM | Generalized seizure, transient cerebral edema on MRI | – | MO | Greece | p.Ser218Leu (CACNA1A, de novo) |
| 431 | F | 42 | 38 | Stress | SHM | – | – | MO | Spain | – |
| 475 | F | 50 | 14 | – | FHM | – | – | HM | Spain | – |
| I713 | M | 37 | 12 | – | FHM | MA | – | HM, MA | Spain | – |
| G248 | F | 43 | 17 | Stress, menses | SHM | Aphasia | – | – | Spain | – |
| 8873 | F | 37 | 9 | – | FHM | Aphasia, transient episodes of bilateral visual loss | – | HM | Spain | – |
| I310 | F | 47 | 15 | Stress, strong odors | FHM | Partial epileptic seizures | – | HM | Spain | p.Ala606Thr (ATP1A2) |
| 387A | M | 10 | 2 | Head injury | FHM | Febrile seizures | Tension-type headache | HM | Greece | p.Glu825Lys (ATP1A2) |
| 489A | F | 8 | 5 | – | FHM | Prolonged dysphasia/confusion | Nystagmus, cerebellar atrophy on MRI | MA, panic attacks | Spain | – |
HM, hemiplegic migraine; FHM, familiar hemiplegic migraine; SHM, sporadic hemiplegic migraine; MA, migraine with aura; MO, migraine without aura; EA2, episodic ataxia type 2; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.