Table 2.
Selected Worldwide Reports on Phenotype and Genotype of Antibiotic Resistance in Human and Avian Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) Isolates
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Antibiotic resistancea |
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β-lactams |
Aminoglycosides |
Macrolides |
Fluoro/Quinolones |
Others |
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| Country (reference) | ExPEC group (period of isolation) | Selection criteria | Phenotype (%) | Genes (N+/N tested) | Phenotype (%) | Genes (N+/N tested) | Phenotype (%) | Genes (N+/N tested) | Phenotype (%) | Genes (N+/N tested) | Phenotype (%) | Genes (N+/N tested) |
| Cambodia (Vlieghe et al., 2013) | SEPEC (07/2007–03/2010) | None | ESBL (+) (47.7) AMC (49) AMP (94) CAZ (36) CEP (46) CTX (51.5) PIT (9) |
NT | AMK (3.8) GEN (56.2) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (65.4) | NT | SXT (95.4) COL (0.8) |
NT |
| India (Haque et al., 2012) | SEPEC (NR) | ESBL-producing | ESBL (+) (7.3) AMP (100) CEP (100) CFZ (100) CLX (100) COX (100) CRO (100) CTX (100) MEM (9.7) PN (100) |
blaTEM (3/3) blaCTX-M (3/3) blaSHV (0/3) |
AMK (43.9) GEN (43.9) TOB (51) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (100) GAT (31.7) NAL (100) |
NT | SXT (100) TET (95.1) |
NT |
| India (Hussain et al., 2012) | UPEC (NR) | ESBL-producing ST131 genotype |
ESBL(+) (23) |
blaCTX-M15-O26b (16/16) blaTEM-1 (8/16) blaOXA-1 (11/16) |
GEN (69) | NT | CIP (81) |
aac(6’)-lb-cr (12/16) qnrA (0/16) qnrB (0/16) qnrS (0/16) |
CMP (6) SXT (69) TET (94) |
tet(A) (15/16) sul1 (13/16) sul1 (10/16) str(A) (16/16) str(B) (5/16) dfrA12-aadA2 (2/16) dfrA17-aadA5 (6/16) |
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| China (Qin et al., 2013) | UPEC (01/2008–12/2010) | None | ESBL(+) (53) CEP (21) CFZ (79) CTX (57) CXM (61) PIP (86) PIT (9) |
blaCTX-M-1 (21/36) blaCTX-M-9 (15/36) Unknown (1/36) |
AMK (10) GEN (57) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (69) | NT | NIT (1) | NT |
| China (Sun et al., 2012) | APEC (03/2003–10/2010) | None | NT |
BlaTEM-1 (17/224) blaCTX-M-24 (16/17) blaCTX-M-14 (1/17) |
AMK (43.8) GEN (51.8) KAN (55.8) NEO (47.3) STR (84.4) |
rmtB (26/224) | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | fosA3 (17/224) |
| Japan (Asai et al., 2011) | APEC (2001–2006) | CFZ- resistance | CFZ (32.6) |
blaCTX-M-25 (4/29) blaSHV-2 (3/29) blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1 (1/29) blaCTX-M-2 (1/29) blaCMY-2 (10/29) blaTEM-1 (7/29) unknown (2/29) |
NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT |
| Nigeria (Iroha et al., 2012) | UPEC (NR) | ESBL-producing | ESBL (+) (100) AMP (NR) ATM (NR) CAZ (NR) CTX (NR) |
blaCTX-M-1 (44/44) blaCTX-M-15 (3/3) blaTEM (41/44) blaOXA-1 (41/44) |
GEN (NR) KAN (NR) TOB (NR) |
NT | NT | NT | NT | aac(6’)-lb-cr (43/44) | CMP (NR) DOX (NR) SXT (NR) TMP (NR) |
NT |
| Italy (Giufre et al., 2012) | UPEC (01/2009–12/2009) | CIP-resistance | ESBL (+) (14.4) AMP (86.20) CFX+CZC (26.4) |
blaCTX-M-15 (20/27) blaCTX-M-15/SHV-12 (1/27) blaCTX-M-1 (2/27) blaTEM-20 (1/27) blaTEM-52 (1/27) blaSHV-12 (1/27) unknown (1/27) |
GEN (27.6) | NT | NT | NT | CIP (46.5) | NT | SXT (61) | NT |
| SEPEC (01/2009-12/2009) | CIP-resistance | ESBL(+) (23.3) AMP (100) CFX+CZC (41.7) |
blaCTX-M-15 (19/27) blaCTX-M-27 (1/27) |
GEN (16.7) | NT | NT | NT | CIP (53.3) | NT | SXT (48) | NT | |
| Germany (Heideking et al., 2013) | NMEC (01/2009–12/2010) | None | AMP (44.9) CTX (3.8) CZC (4.4) PIP (27.9) |
blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1 (1/6) blaCTX-M-14/TEM-1 (1/6) blaCTX-M-1 (1/6) blaCTX-M-3 (1/6) blaTEM-52 (2/6) |
GEN (4.4) | NT | NT | NT | CIP (4.4) | NT | SXT (19) TET (30.4) |
NT |
| Netherland (van der Bij et al., 2011) | SEPEC (2008–2009) | ESBL-producing | ESBL(+) (4.9) AMC (90) PIT (61) |
blaCTX-M-15 (22/41) blaCTX-M-14 (6/41) blaCTX-M-2 (2/41) blaCTX-M-3 (2/41) blaCTX-M-9 (1/41) blaCTX-M-27 (1/41) blaCTX-M-1 (1/41) blaSHV-5 (2/41) blaSHV-12 (3/41) blaTEM-52 (1/41) |
AMK (24) GEN (32) TOB (51) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (63) | NT | SXT (90) | NT |
| France (Courpon-Claudinon et al., 2011) | SEPEC (2005) | None | ESBL(+) (1.8) AmpC (+) (1.7) |
blaCTX-M-1 (2/41) blaCTX-M-9 (1/41) blaCTX-M-14 (6/41) blaCTX-M-15 (3/41 blaCTX-M-15/ OXA-1 (6/41) blaTEM-52 (1/41) blaCMY-2 (1/41) blaAmpC (13/41) blaAmpC/CMY-2 (4/41) blaOXA-1 (4/41) |
AMK (1.3) GEN (4.5) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (11.9) | NT | SXT (29.8) | NT |
| Spain (Guiral et al., 2012) | NMEC (1995–2008) | None | AMC (21) AMP (55.5) CAZ (6.5) CEP (5) CFX (6.5) CFZ (13) CPO (1.6) CTX (6.5) MEZ (62.3) PIP (20.3) PIT (6.6) SAM (46) |
blaTEM-1 (35/42) blaSHV-1 (1/42) blaCARB (1/42) blaCTX-M-14 (1/42) blaCTX-M-15 (1/42) blaAmpC (1/42) unknown (2/42) |
GEN (13) TOB (14.8) |
CIP (6.6) LVX (3.3) MXF (8.2) |
aac(3)-IV (2/8) aac(3)-II (6/8) qnrS (1/11) |
CMP (24.6) SXT (32.8) TET (35.4) |
catA2 (11/15) cmlA (2/15) floR (1/15) tetA (15/29) tetB (8/29) tetC (2/29) tetD (2/29) tetE (1/29) tetG (3/29) dfrAIa (10/20) dfrB (0/20) dfrA12 (2/20) dfrA17 (3/20) sulI (2/22) sulII (18/22) sulIII (1/22) |
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| Mexico (Rodriguez-Bano et al., 2012) | SEPEC (09/2004–01/2006) SEPEC+UPEC (2007–2011) |
ESBL-producing | AMC (38) CAZ (37) CEP (65) CTX (96) PIT (8) |
blaCTX-M9 (122/191) blaCTX-M1 (42/191) blaSHV (33/191) blaTEM (1/191) |
AMK (2) GEN (20) TOB (18) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (68) | NT | SXT (60) | NT |
| Canada (Denisuik et al., 2013) | ESBL-producing | ESBL(+) (4.2) AMC (3.9) CAZ (56.2) CEP (21.9) CFZ (100) COX (8.2) CRO (97) ETP (1.3) PIT (2.2) |
blaCTX-M-15 (21/231) blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1 (18/231) blaCTX-M-15/OXA-1 (84/231) blaCTX-M-15/TEM-1/OXA-1 (30/231) blaCTX-M-14 (15/231) blaCTX-M-14/TEM-1 (28/231) blaCTX-M-14/OXA-1 (2/231) blaCTX-M-27 (13/231) blaCTX-M-27/TEM-1 (2/231) blaCTX-M-24 (1/231) blaCTX-M-24/TEM-1 (1/231) blaCTX-M-3/TEM-1 (1/231) blaCTX-M-3/TEM-1/OXA-1 (1/231) blaCTX-M-65 (1/231) blaSHV-12 (1/231) blaSHV-12/TEM-1 (3/231) blaSHV-2a (3/231) blaTEM-12 (1/231) unknown (2/231) unknown/TEM-1 (3/231) |
AMK (0.4) GEN (48.5) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (88.3) | NT | COL (0.4) SXT (70.1) |
NT | |
| AmpC-producing | AmpC (+) (2.6) AMC (49.6) CAZ (51.4) CEP (2.3) CFZ (95.7) COX (100) CRO (57.4) PIT (1.7) |
BlaCMY-2 (64/115) BlaFOX-5 (1/115) |
AMK (1.7) GEN (16.5) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (37.4) | NT | SXT (33.9) | NT | ||
| USA (Peirano et al., 2010) | UPEC/SEPEC (2008) | ESBL-producing | PIT (6.7) |
blaTM-1/OXA-1/CTX-M-15 (9/30) blaTM-1/CTX-M-15 (3/30) blaOXA-1/CTX-M-15 (3/30) blaTM-1/CTX-M-14 (2/30) blaCTX-M-15 (7/30) blaCTX-M-14 (1/30) blaSHV-2 (4/30) |
AMK (20) GEN (33.33) TOB (50) |
NT | NT | NT | CIP (93) | aac(6’)-lb-cr (16/30) | NIT (10) SXT (56.7) |
NT |
| USA (Adams-Sapper et al., 2013) | SEPEC (07/2007–09/2010) | None | CTX (12) ATM (12) |
blaCTX-M-15 (15/246) blaCTX-M-1 (3/246) blaCTX-M-14 (6/246) blaCTX-M-14/CTX-M-15 (6/246) blaTM-1 (8/246) blaOXA-1 (15/246) blaKPC-2 (2/246) |
NT | NT | NT | NT | CIP/LVX/MXF (27) | NT | SXT (44) | NT |
N, number of isolates; NT, not tested; NR, not reported; SEPEC, sepsis E. coli; UPEC, uropathogenic E. coli; APEC, avian pathogenic E. coli; NMEC, neonatal meningitis E. coli.
a
AMC, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; AMK, Amikacin; AMP, ampicillin; ATM, aztreonam; CARB, carbenicillin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CEP, cefepime; CFZ; cefazolin; CFX, cefotaxime; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CLX, clinafloxacin; CMP, chloramphenicol; COL, colistin; COX, cefoxitin; CPO, cefpodoxime; CRO, ceftriaxone; CTX, cefotaxime; CXM, cefuroxime; CZC, ceftazidime+clavulanic acid; DOX, doxycycline; ETP, ertapenem; ESBL, extended-spectrum β-lactamases; GAT, gatifloxacin; GEN, gentamicin; KAN, kanamycin; LVX, levofloxacin; MEM, meropenem; MEZ, mezlocillin; MXF, moxifloxacin; NAL, nalidixic acid; NIT, nitrofurantoin; NEO, neomycin; OXA, oxacillin; PIP, piperacillin; PIT, piperacillin/tazobactam; PN, penicillin; SAM, amipicillin-sulbactam; STR, streptomycin; SXT, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim; TET, tetracycline; TOB, tobramycin; TMP, trimethoprim.