TABLE 3—
Associations Between First-time Homelessness at Wave 2 and Poverty, Substance-Use Disorders, and Control Variables at Wave 1: National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, United States, 2001–2005
| Variable | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusteda OR (95% CI) |
| Main predictors | ||
| Poverty | 2.31 (1.94, 2.75) | 1.34 (1.09, 1.64) |
| Alcohol- and drug-use disorders (Ref = neither disorder)b | ||
| Alcohol-use disorder only | 2.23 (1.80, 2.77) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.67) |
| Drug-use disorder only | 5.39 (3.44, 8.43) | 2.51 (1.53, 4.11) |
| Both alcohol- and drug-use disorders | 4.78 (2.89, 7.91) | 1.55 (0.87, 2.79) |
| Control variables | ||
| Age (Ref = ≥ 50), y | ||
| 18–29 | 8.53 (6.92, 10.51) | 6.40 (5.08, 8.07) |
| 30–39 | 3.39 (2.68, 4.28) | 3.53 (2.79, 4.48) |
| 40–49 | 1.97 (1.49, 2.59) | 2.09 (1.58, 2.76) |
| Race (Ref = Non-Hispanic White) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.74 (1.43, 2.12) | 1.12 (0.90, 1.39) |
| Native American | 0.98 (0.58, 1.64) | 0.80 (0.47, 1.37) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.69 (0.47, 1.01) | 0.52 (0.36, 0.77) |
| Hispanic | 1.25 (0.99, 1.57) | 0.66 (0.53, 0.84) |
| Gender (Ref = male) | ||
| Female | 0.90 (0.77, 1.04) | 0.99 (0.84, 1.17) |
| Education (Ref = at least some college) | ||
| < high school | 1.54 (1.25, 1.89) | 1.70 (1.35, 2.14) |
| High school graduate | 1.16 (0.99, 1.36) | 1.21 (1.02, 1.42) |
| Married or live as married | 0.33 (0.28, 0.38) | 0.56 (0.47, 0.67) |
| Live in urban area | 1.14 (0.94, 1.38) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.34) |
| State cost of living above average | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 1.10 (0.90, 1.34) |
| Region (Ref = Northeast) | ||
| Midwest | 1.15 (0.93, 1.42) | 1.11 (0.89, 1.37) |
| South | 1.42 (1.17, 1.72) | 1.44 (1.13, 1.84) |
| West | 1.49 (1.20, 1.86) | 1.58 (1.25, 2.00) |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 2.77 (2.38, 3.23) | 2.08 (1.77, 2.44) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
a
Model simultaneously controls for all variables in the table.
b
Raw sample sizes in each category: only alcohol-use disorder (n = 2364), only drug-use disorder (n = 282), both alcohol- and drug-use disorder (n = 330), neither disorder (n = 27 582).