Figure 3.

HLA-DR expression on monocytes after laparoscopic and open surgery. The preoperative measurements were used as baseline values. Immediately postoperatively (postOP), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) density was increased in the laparoscopy group, and it remained elevated on POD 1 and POD 3 (maximum of 5.9-fold). After open surgery, a 0.35-fold decrease on POD 1 was observed, followed by an elevation above baseline level on POD 3. Both groups showed a drop in major histocompatibility complex class II density on POD 7. Differences on POD 1 were statistically significant (P = .03 [asterisk]).