Table 2. Univariable and multivariable analyses of the risk factors for presentation with malaria in the previous 2 months (n = 219,845).

Characteristics	Univariable Analysis		Multivariable Analysis
	Crude OR [95% CI]	p-Value	AOR [95% CI]	p-Value	PAF % [95% CI]
Species
Negative	Reference		Reference
P. falciparum	1.48 [1.45–1.51]	<0.001	1.24 [1.21–1.27]	<0.001	2.0 [1.8–2.2]
P. vivax	1.90 [1.85–1.95]	<0.001	1.41 [1.37–1.45]	<0.001	2.2 [2.0–2.4]
P. malariae	0.49 [0.43–0.55]	<0.001	0.38 [0.34–0.44]	<0.001	<0 [<0–<0]
Mixed species	1.93 [1.86–2.01]	<0.001	1.39 [1.33–1.44]	<0.001	0.8 [0.7–0.9]
Age group
≥15 years	Reference		Reference
<1 year	0.93 [0.88–0.98]	0.01	0.92 [0.88–0.97]	0.003	<0 [<0–<0]
1 to <5 years	2.29 [2.21–2.37]	<0.001	2.09 [2.02–2.16]	<0.001	11.3 [11.1–11.6]
5 to <15 years	1.48 [1.42–1.53]	<0.001	1.31 [1.27–1.36]	<0.001	2.8 [2.6–3.0]
Gender
Female	0.97 [0.94–1.00]	0.02	1.01 [0.99–1.04]	0.37	0.6 [0.0–1.1]
Ethnicity
Non-Papuan	Reference		Reference
Highland Papuan	4.15 [3.92–4.40]	<0.001	3.80 [3.58–4.03]	<0.001	60.9 [60.1–61.6]
Lowland Papuan	1.45 [1.34–1.56]	<0.001	1.38 [1.28–1.49]	<0.001	1.8 [1.6–2.0]
Year a
2004	Reference		Reference
2005	1.28 [1.20–1.35]	<0.001	1.28 [1.21–1.36]	<0.001
2006	1.22 [1.15–1.30]	<0.001	1.22 [1.15–1.30]	<0.001
2007	1.61 [1.52–1.71]	<0.001	1.61 [1.52–1.71]	<0.001
2008	1.58 [1.49–1.68]	<0.001	1.61 [1.52–1.71]	<0.001
2009	1.91 [1.80–2.02]	<0.001	1.79 [1.69–1.90]	<0.001
2010	1.78 [1.67–1.88]	<0.001	1.65 [1.56–1.75]	<0.001
2011	1.46 [1.38–1.55]	<0.001	1.39 [1.31–1.48]	<0.001
2012	1.99 [1.88–2.11]	<0.001	1.92 [1.82–2.04]	<0.001
Department b
Outpatient	Reference
Inpatient	0.72 [0.71–0.74]	<0.001

^a Included in model for calculation of overall PAFs but PAFs not presented.

^b Not included in the multivariable model as deemed to be a consequence of severe disease rather than a confounder.

OR, odds ratio.