Average flow fields V⃗ (x⃗) obtained from model simulations performed with p = 10−3, k = 0.2 and various values of q0. Data are presented as in Fig. 6. For long-lived contacts (q0 = 10−3, panel a) the system is frozen. For an intermediate stability of bonds (q0 = 0.01, panel b) the streams are wide. For faster contact turnover (q0 = 0.02, panel c) the streams become narrower and similar to the highly anisotropic flows characteristic for k = 0. The average Vx values along the front-rear and left-right axis are plotted for various values of q0 in panels d and e. Blue, light blue, orange and red colors indicate q0 = 0.001, 0.002, 0.01 and 0.02, respectively. See also Movies 9–11.