Figure 1.

Cellular basis of the electric organ discharge. A, Illustration of E. virescens showing the location of the electric organ (EO; blue dashed line), and the quasi-sinusoidal EOD waveform (top right). B, Schematic of a single electrocyte from the EO (blue outline, left) showing Na⁺ channels and the electrogenic Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase. Electrophysiological recordings of pharmacologically isolated Na⁺ current (bottom right) were made in voltage clamp with a representative action potential as the voltage command waveform (top right).