Table 2.
Nicotine receptor studies.
| Reference | Study design | Main findings | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harkrider and Hedrick (137) | Single-blind placebo-controlled nicotine challenge in 10 smokers (21 mg/day) and 4 non-smokers (7 mg/day) | Larger MMN area and steeper slope in response to deviant stimuli | Small and heterogeneous sample; study reported ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Inami et al. (142) | Counterbalanced placebo versus nicotine administration (equivalent to 16.1 ± 2.7 mg/day) 10 healthy non-smokers (5 males) | Nicotine shortened MMN peak latency | Small sample size; study reported ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Baldeweg et al. (138) | Randomized placebo-controlled nicotine challenge (2 mg) in 20 healthy smokers | Nicotine increased MMN amplitude mainly by affecting response to standard stimuli (no change in response to deviant stimuli) | Nicotine enhanced repetition positivity; study reported ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Knott et al. (143) | Nicotine challenge (6 mg single dose) in 14 healthy non-smokers | No effect on MMN (frequency deviants) | Study did not report ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Dunbar et al. (139) | Randomized and placebo-controlled challenge with oral nicotine agonist AZD3480 (ascending doses from 2 to 320 mg) in 48 healthy subject and in 24 subject receiving repeatedly constant oral dose or placebo | Increased MMN amplitude with reduced latency after 10 days of consecutive agonist administration and/or single dose of 200 mg | Study did not report ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Martin et al. (141) | Single-blind, placebo-controlled nicotine challenge (4 mg) in 11 non-smokers and 9 smokers (following 2 h nicotine abstinence) | Increased MMN amplitude in response to nicotine without affecting N1 and ERPs in response to standard stimuli | Study reported ERPs in response to standard stimuli |
| Knott et al. (140) | Randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover nicotine challenge (6 mg) in 21 non-smokers (11 males) | Drug by gender interaction of non-significant MMN amplitude increase in females and non-significant MMN amplitude decrease in males | Study reported ERPs in response to standard stimuli |