Table 4.
Summary of papers investigating mismatch responses in animal models.
| Reference | Species/strain | Recording type/location | Anesthesia | Control type | Oddball MMR finding | Controlled MMR finding | Effects of NMDAGluR antagonism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SUBDURAL RECORDINGS | |||||||
| Ulanovsky et al. (8) | Cat | MUA in A1 and MGB | Xylazine/ketamine | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Ulanovsky et al. (166) | Cat | LFP in A1 and MGB | Xylazine/ketamine | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Fishman and Steinschneider (171) | Cat | LFP in A1 | Awake | Many-standards | Yes | No | |
| Javitt et al. (130) | Macaque | LFP in A1 | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | Infusions of PCP (5 and 10 μg) into the auditory cortex reduced oddball MMR |
| Ehrlichman et al. (172) | Mouse (DBA/2Hsd) | LFP in CA3 | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | Ketamine (10 mg/kg) reduced oddball MMR |
| Ehrlichman et al. (173) | Mouse (C57/129Sv background) | LFP in CA3 | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Farley et al. (169) | Rat (unknown strain) | LFP and MUA in A1 | Awake | Many-standards | Yes | No | |
| Eriksson and Villa (167) | Rat (Long–Evans) | LFP in A1 | Awake | Deviant-alone | Yes | No | |
| Imada et al. (175) | Rat (Long–Evans) | LFP in frontal and parietal cortices | Awake | Deviant-alone, standard-alone | Yes | Yes | |
| Taaseh et al. (170) | Rat (Sabra) | LFP and MUA in A1 | Halothane | Many-standards, deviant-alone | Yes | Yes | |
| von der Behrens et al. (168) | Rat (Sprague–Dawley) | LFP and MUA in A1 | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | |
| EPIDURAL RECORDINGS | |||||||
| Pincze et al. (176) | Cat | Epidural above A1 | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Umbricht et al. (177) | Mouse (C57/129) | Epidural above A1 | Awake | Deviant-alone | Yes | No | |
| Jung et al. (178) | Rat (black hooded) | Epidural above A1 | Awake | Many-standards | Yes | Yes | |
| Tikhonravov et al. (179) | Rat (Hannover–Wistar) | Epidural near A1 | Pentobarbital sodium | Deviant-alone | Yes | Yes | High-dose (0.3 mg/kg), but not low-dose (0.1 mg/kg) MK-801 reduced oddball MMR |
| Tikhonravov et al. (180) | Rat (Hannover–Wistar) | Epidural near A1 | Pentobarbital sodium | Deviant-alone | Yes | Yes | Low-dose (3 mg/kg) memantine increased oddball MMR, high-dose (10 mg/kg) reduced oddball MMR |
| Roger et al. (181) | Rat (Long–Evans) | Epidural above motor, parietal and anterior cingulate cortices | Awake | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Ahmed et al. (182) | Rat (Sprague–Dawley) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane | Many-Standards | Yes | Yes | |
| Astikainen et al. (183) | Rat (Sprague–Dawley) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane | Many-Standards | Yes | Yes | |
| Lazar and Metherate (184) | Rat (Sprague–Dawley) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane/xylazine | Deviant-alone | Yes | No | |
| Ruusuvirta et al. (174) | Rat (Sprague–Dawley) | Epidural above A1/LFP in subiculum, DG, CA1 | Urethane | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Astikainen et al. (185) | Rat (Wistar) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane | None | Yes | N/A | |
| Nakamura et al. (186) | Rat (Wistar) | Epidural near A1 | Awake | Many-Standards | Yes | Yes | |
| Ruusuvirta et al. (187) | Rat (Wistar) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane | Deviant-alone | Yes | Yes | |
| Ruusuvirta et al. (188) | Rat (Wistar) | Epidural above A1 | Urethane | None | Yes | N/A | |
A1, primary auditory cortex; CA1, CA1 region of hippocampus; DG, dentate gyrus; LFP, local field potentials; MGB, medial geniculate body of thalamus; MUA, multi-unit activity; SUA, single-unit activity.