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. 2013 Apr;23(2):229–238. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.11.012

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Dopamine dependency of neuronal plasticity and behavioural learning. (a) Positive timing in spike time dependent plasticity protocol (STDP) results in long term potentiation (LTP) at synapses from cortical inputs to striato-nigral neurons (direct pathway) (black) and is blocked by dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 (red) ([77••], © Science). (b) Negative timing in STDP protocol results in long term depression (LTD) at cortical synapses onto striato-pallidal neurons (indirect pathway) (black) and is blocked by dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride (red) ([77••], © Science). (c) T-maze learning deficit in mice with NMDA receptor knock-out in midbrain dopamine neurons impairing dopamine burst firing ([84•], © National Academy of Sciences USA). (d) Separate performance deficit in mice tested in (c).