. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Res Ther. 2013 Sep 12;51(11):10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001

Table 4.

Results of bivariate latent difference score models examining the reciprocal effects of self-efficacy and panic symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity and panic symptoms.

Parameter estimate	Self-efficacy and panic		Anxiety sensitivity and panic
Parameter estimate	SEQ	PDSS	ASI	PDSS
Initial status
Mean (SE)	68.48 (1.24)^***	11.21 (.302)^***	2.171 (.039)^***	11.27 (.287)^***
Variance (SE)	430.46 (38.18)^***	25.05 (2.48)^***	.487 (.04)^***	22.26 (2.02)^***
Constant change (α)
Mean (SE)	−38.59 (15.27)^*	7.49 (3.13)^*	−.006 (.048)	.951 (.235)^***
Variance (SE)	63.90 (43.87)	2.55 (1.57)	.154 (.036)^***	1.772 (.476)^***
Proportional change (β)
β₁ (SE)	.366 (.119)^**	−.375 (.111)^**	−.589 (.071)^***	.297 (.092)^**
β₂ (SE)	.325 (.115)^**	−.396 (.119)^**	−.597 (.068)^***	.319 (.093)^**
β₃ (SE)	.323 (.119)^**	−.367 (.125)^**	−.534 (.063)^***	.297 (.091)^**
β₄ (SE)	.313 (.122)^*	−.441 (.122)^***	−.566 (.063)^***	.266 (.090)^**
β₅ (SE)	.321 (.124)^*	−.401 (.128)^**	−.507 (.059)^***	.173 (.089)
β₆ (SE)	.331 (.124)^*	−.389 (.126)^**	−.558 (.063)^***	.337 (.098)^**
β₇ (SE)	.315 (.124)^*	−.412 (.131)^**	−.524 (.055)^***	.221 (.090)^*
β₈ (SE)	.356 (.127)^*	−.468 (.128)^***	−.563 (.058)^***	.090 (.086)
β₉ (SE)	.314 (.124)^*	−.498 (.137)^***	−.585 (.066)^***	.149 (.105)
β₁₀ (SE)	.322 (.125)^*	−.499 (.137)^***	−.637 (.073)^***	.246 (.119)^*
Residual error
$σ_{e}^{2} 1$	125.57 (11.98)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.072 (.011)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 2$	61.33 (6.57)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.068 (.007)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 3$	82.06 (7.33)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.071 (.006)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 4$	65.51 (5.92)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.066 (.006)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 5$	55.64 (5.66)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.067 (.006)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 6$	28.37 (3.59)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.060 (.006)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 7$	39.89 (4.16)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.043 (.004)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 8$	31.79 (3.29)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.038 (.004)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 9$	22.91 (2.38)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.048 (.004)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 10$	13.64 (1.85)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.048 (.005)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 11$	14.33 (3.08)^***	7.864 (.281)^***	.055 (.006)^***	7.883 (.227)^***
Bivariate coupling (γ)	SEQ_{t − 1} → ΔPDSS_t	PDSS_{t − 1} → ΔSEQ_t	ASI_{t − 1} → ΔPDSS_t	PDSS_{t − 1} → ΔASI_t
γ₁ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.282 (.668)	−2.434 (.460)^***	.099 (.015)^***
γ₂ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.725 (.729)^*	−2.516 (.451)^***	.101 (.015)^***
γ₃ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.874 (.741)^*	−2.186 (.447)^***	.095 (.014)^***
γ₄ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.919 (.711)^**	−2.534 (.448)^***	.095 (.014)^***
γ₅ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	2.001 (.747)^**	−1.641 (.419)^***	.088 (.014)^***
γ₆ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.650 (.735)^*	−2.619 (.472)^***	.102 (.015)^***
γ₇ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	2.236 (.764)^**	−1.982 (.420)^***	.088 (.013)^***
γ₈ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	1.644 (.715)^*	−1.647 (.413)^***	.098 (.014)^***
γ₉ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	2.401 (.808)^**	−1.949 (.476)^***	.101 (.016)^***
γ₁₀ (SE)	−.060 (.028)^*	2.195 (.826)^**	−2.576 (.521)^***	.113 (.018)^***
Correlations
ρ_0s	−.511^***	.515^***	.150^*	−.366^***
ρ_{x0 y0}	−.438^***		.653^***
ρ_{xs ys}	−.976^***		.947^***
Model fit
χ² (df)	618.48 (217)^***		534.73 (208)^***
RMSEA	.078		.066
CFI	.945		.963
TLI	.942		.959

Note:

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001;

SEQ = self-efficacy, ASI = anxiety sensitivity; PDSS = panic disorder symptoms. SE = standard error, CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index.