. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Res Ther. 2013 Sep 12;51(11):10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.09.001

Table 5.

Results of multivariate latent difference score models examining the unique effects of change in self-efficacy and anxiety sensitivity on subsequent change in panic symptoms.

Parameter estimate	Reciprocal causality SEQ + ASI on PDSS
Parameter estimate	SEQ	PDSS	ASI
Initial Status
Mean (SE)	68.398 (1.23)^***	11.261 (.288)^***	2.174 (.039)^***
Variance (SE)	416.52 (37.24)^***	22.38 (2.05)^***	.463 (.039)^***
Constant Change (α)
Mean (SE)	−25.685 (4.11)^***	4.625 (.823)^***	−.045 (.052)
Variance (SE)	30.93 (7.94)^***	1.765 (.355)^***	.176 (.042)^***
Proportional Change (β)
β₁ (SE)	.282 (.044)^***	.194 (.097)^*	−.628 (.076)^***
β₂ (SE)	.245 (.045)^***	.174 (.096)	−.614 (.071)^***
β₃ (SE)	.251 (.040)^***	.146 (.096)	−.552 (.067)^***
β₄ (SE)	.232 (.039)^***	.134 (.096)	−.584 (.067)^***
β₅ (SE)	.244 (.039)^***	.044 (.093)	−.529 (.063)^***
β₆ (SE)	.240 (.038)^***	.192 (.100)	−.579 (.067)^***
β₇ (SE)	.226 (.038)^***	.095 (.096)	−.552 (.061)^***
β₈ (SE)	.257 (.039)^***	−.048 (.088)	−.586 (.063)^***
β₉ (SE)	.209 (.037)^***	.049 (.110)	−.633 (.073)^***
β₁₀ (SE)	.216 (.037)^***	.142 (.126)	−.675 (.079)^***
Residual error
$σ_{e}^{2} 1$	131.64 (11.26)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.083 (.010)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 2$	66.19 (6.314)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.065 (.006)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 3$	83.58 (7.360)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.068 (.006)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 4$	60.97 (5.476)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.061 (.005)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 5$	58.91 (5.535)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.069 (.006)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 6$	29.28 (2.900)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.059 (.005)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 7$	38.94 (3.443)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.040 (.004)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 8$	36.81 (3.330)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.042 (.004)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 9$	23.46 (2.265)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.052 (.005)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 10$	14.34 (1.755)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	.053 (.005)^***
$σ_{e}^{2} 11$	18.35 (2.556)^***	7.999 (.224)^***	059 (.006)^***

Bivariate coupling	SEQ_{t − 1} → ΔPDSS_t	PDSS_{t − 1} → ΔSEQ_t	ASI_{t − 1} → ΔPDSS_t	PDSS_{t − 1} → ΔASI_t
γ₁ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	.655 (.206)^***	−2.425 (.446)^***	.110 (.016)^***
γ₂ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.020 (.208)^***	−2.324 (.422)^***	.109 (.016)^***
γ₃ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.058 (.222)^***	−1.967 (.417)^***	.102 (.015)^***
γ₄ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.174 (.211)^***	−2.383 (.418)^***	.103 (.0150^***
γ₅ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.151 (.216)^***	−1.527 (.390)^***	.097 (.015)^***
γ₆ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	.914 (.211)^***	−2.362 (.436)^***	.111 (.016)^***
γ₇ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.456 (.221)^***	−1.871 (.403)^***	.098 (.015)^***
γ₈ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	.956 (.213)^***	−1.436 (.374)^***	.107 (.015)^***
γ₉ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.707 (.230)^***	−1.939 (.453)^***	.117 (.018)^***
γ₁₀ (SE)	−.037 (.007)^***	1.476 (.238)^***	−2.455 (.513)^***	.128 (.020)^***
Correlations
ρ_{x0 y0}	−.410^***		.666^***
ρ_{xs ys}	−.365^*		.779^***

Note: Model Fit: χ² (n = 367; df = 479) = 1217.91 ***, RMSEA = .065, CFI = .950; TLI = .945;

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001;

SEQ = self-efficacy, ASI = anxiety sensitivity; PDSS-SR = panic disorder symptoms; SE = standard error, CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index; RMSEA = root-mean-square error of approximation.