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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Sch. 2011 Apr;48(4):10.1002/pits.20562. doi: 10.1002/pits.20562

Table 3.

Differences in Staff Practices and Student Behavior by Common Area

M and SD Values
Variable Overall Hallway Lunchroom Entry/Exit Outdoor Gym F p
Staff Practices
Effective
Behavior
management		 2.70
(.78)		 2.55a
(.83)		 2.99a,b
(.63)		 2.73
(.85)		 2.66b
(.67)		 2.83
(.77)		 8.35 < .001
Criticism .04
(.14)		 .07a,b
(.18)		 .02a
(.06)		 .01b
(.06)		 .03
(.09)		 .03
(.10)		 5.05 < .001
Positive
attention		 2.14
(.83)		 2.04a
(.87)		 2.35a
(.79)		 2.17
(.91)		 2.12
(.70)		 2.21
(.83)		 3.52 < .001
Student:staff
ratio		 65:1
(55)		 37:1a,e
(28)		 120:1a,b,c,d
(66)		 47:1b,f
(32)		 84:1c,e,f,g
(49)		 49:1d,g
(35)		 97.12 < .001
Student Behavior
Problem
behavior		 .56
(.36)		 .54a
(.41)		 .48b
(.22)		 .41c
(.34)		 .77a,b,c
(.28)		 .62
(.25)		 17.87 < .001
Positive
behavior		 2.74
(.63)		 2.80a
(.61)		 2.83b
(.60)		 2.82c
(.64)		 2.42a,b,c
(.63)		 2.76
(.76)		 9.46 < .001

Note. Superscripts denote which common areas are significantly different.