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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 18.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Sch. 2011 Apr;48(4):10.1002/pits.20562. doi: 10.1002/pits.20562

Table 4.

Differences in Staff Practices, School Environment by School

Variable M SD F p
Staff Practices
Effective behavior
management
2.70 .78 3.58 < .001
Criticism .02 .08 1.58 .07
Positive attention 2.02 .79 5.37 < .001
Approval (praise) .05 .12 3.52 < .001
Tangible reinforcer .01 .05 2.61 .001

School Environment
Damaged school
property
1.60 2.30 2.89 .008
Graffiti 3.23 3.02 1.19 .33
Display of student
work
14.58 6.80 4.13 .001
Display of student
recognition
6.86 4.80 6.18 < .001
Display of rules and
expectations
.10 .20 13.48 < .001

Student Behavior
Verbal aggression .06 .08 .96 .50
Physical aggression .08 .11 2.48 < .001
Potentially dangerous
behavior
.14 .20 2.39 .002
Positive behavior 2.71 .62 4.33 < .001