Table 2.

Selected work and home practices and their relationships to farm worker adult and child urinary metabolite concentrations of DMTP^a and house and vehicle dust levels of AZM^b

WORK PRACTICES		Adult DMTPa		Child DMTPa			HOUSE AZMb		VEHICLE AZMb
	N = 95c	GMd	p-value	GMd	p-value		GMd	p-value	GMd	p-value
	N	ug/L		ug/L		54	ng/g		ng/g
NHANES (1999–2000)e		1.62		2.72
Use of protective clothing
Wore bootsf
At least once	38	92.8		17.8		23	851		1549
Never	57	56.6	0.07	15.6	0.53	30	513	0.19	933	0.21
Wore glovesf
At least once	56	69.6		18.3		32	631		1023
Never	39	68.1	0.94	14.1	0.19	21	661	0.93	1479	0.36
Wore protective lenses
Usually	26	58.5		22.6		16	537		955
Not Usually	69	73.5	0.47	14.6	0.06	37	692	0.52	1288	0.47
Wore coveralls
Usually	4	25.3		16.5		2	407		214
Not Usually	91	72.1	0.24	16.4	0.99	51	661	0.63	1259	0.08
Wore a mask
Usually	13	49.8		13.5		7	468		1047
Not Usually	82	72.7	0.30	17.0	0.36	46	676	0.51	1202	0.84
Hand washing practices
Washed hands at work w/waterf
At least once	40	64.6				21	933		1738
Not Usually	55	72.3	0.68	14.9	0.38	32	501	0.1	933	0.12
Washed hands at work w/sanitizerf
At least once	15	133.9		19.2		8	1072		2399
Not Usually	80	60.8	0.03	16.0	0.52	45	589	0.23	1047	0.16
Pesticide-safety training
Received pesticide training in past 5 yearsg
Yes	18	60.5		16.5		11	562		617
No	77	71.1	0.67	16.4	0.99	42	676	0.69	1380	0.09
WORK PRACTICES (Adults)		Adult DMTPa		Child DMTPa			HOUSE AZMb
	N = 95	GMc	p-value	GMc	p-value	N=54	GMc	p-value
Removed shoes/boots before entering homef,g
At least once	58	60.9		16.6		34	661
Never	37	83.9	0.25	16.3	0.93	19	617	0.85
Changed out of work clothesg
Within one hour	74	68.9		15.7		41	661
More than one hour	21	69.2	0.99	19.3	0.39	12	575	0.75
Washed work clothesg
After wearing once	74	70.2		15.9		43	692
After wearing more than once	21	62.9	0.74	18.3	0.51	10	468	0.40
Washed work clothes separately from family laundryg
Usually / always	82	66.6		16.3		43	676
Sometimes / rarely / never	13	85.8	0.53	17.5	0.81	10	501	0.51
Showered at homeg
Within one hour	49	81.0		16.2		27	912
More than one hour	46	58.1	0.23	16.7	0.87	26	447	0.05
Held children while wearing work clothesg
Never	46	--		16.1		--	--	--
At least once	49	--	--	16.8	0.84	--	--	--
Washed hands after coming home
Within one hour	82	63.3		16.1		44	631
More than one hour	13	117.8	0.20	19.1	0.58	9	741	0.71
Washed hands before eating
Usually / always	84	62.9		16.6		--	--	--
Sometimes / rarely / never	11	139.9	0.08	15.7	0.86	--	--	--
Number of times carpets vacuumed in past 4 daysh
3 – 4	40	65.4		14.8		28	871
<= 2	18	66.1	0.98	16.3	0.70	10	631	0.51
Number of times floors were mopped in past 4 days
3 – 4	54	60.5		15.2		33	692
<= 2	36	90.8	0.14	19.9	0.19	16	692	0.97

^adimethylthiophosphate

^bazinphos-methyl

^cDMTP values are from 95 adults and 94 children that provided urine samples

^dgeometric mean based on generalized estimating equations

^eNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) adults aged 18–59; children/youth aged 6–11

^fin the past 3 days

^grecommended as part of WPS pesticide-safety training

^hamong households with carpet (n = 62)