Table 2.

Measures of T2DM severity and the odds of kidney stone disease.

	Unadjusted	Multivariable Model A	Multivariable Model B
Diabetes Parameters	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Insulin use	3.31 (2.02–5.45)	2.25 (1.23–3.97)	2.31 (1.34–3.97)
Oral hypoglycemic use	1.03 (0.54–1.95)	1.04 (0.54–2.02)	1.07 (0.52–2.20)
Retinopathy	1.56 (0.71–3.41)	1.51 (0.69–3.33)	1.43 (0.70–2.92)
Self-reported history of DM2	2.44 (1.84–3.25)	1.76 (1.33–2.32)	1.63 (1.23–2.16)
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
Normal (<100)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Prediabetes (100–126)	1.28 (0.95–1.72)	0.88 (0.66–1.18)	0.88 (0.64–1.22)
Diabetes (>126)	2.29 (1.68–3.12)	1.28 (0.93–1.76)	1.24 (0.91–1.70)
Fasting plasma insulin (uU/mL)
Tertile 1	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Tertile 2	1.16 (0.82–1.64)	1.07 (0.74–1.53)	0.95 (0.65–1.39)
Tertile 3	1.76 (1.41–2.19)	1.42 (1.05–1.91)	1.28 (0.93–1.77)
HbA1c (%)
Normal (<5.7)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Prediabetes (5.7–6.5)	1.68 (1.17–2.42)	1.33 (0.94–1.89)	1.34 (0.92–1.94)
Diabetes (>6.5)	2.82 (1.98–4.02)	2.02 (1.41–2.89)	1.91 (1.32–2.76)
HOMA-IR (FPI*FPG/405)
Tertile 1	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)	1.00 (referent)
Tertile 2	1.51 (1.07–2.15)	1.36 (0.93–1.99)	1.23 (0.84–1.78)
Tertile 3	2.11 (1.64–2.71)	1.65 (1.20–2.29)	1.50 (1.09–2.07)

Model A: Adjusted for patient factors; age, gender, race, smoking history, and BMI

Model B: Adjusted for patients factors in Model A as well as for presence of HTNhypertension (BP>130/85mmHg), triglycerides >150 mg/DL, HDL <40 mg/DL, and serum measures of calcium and uric acid

For continuous variables: the OR for FPG, Insulin, and HOMA-IR is calculated per 10-unit change; the OR for HbA1c is calculated for 1-unit change