Table 1.
Characteristics of patients taking and not taking SSRI medications in perioperative period (Total n = 530,416)
| No SSRI Meds N (%) | Received SSRI Meds N (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N=457876 (86.3%) | N=72540 (13.7%) | ||
| Age mean (SD) | 65.5 (12.8) | 63.8 (12.7) | <0.0001 |
| Male gender | 203280 (44.4%) | 18912 (26.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.0001 | ||
| White | 333290 (72.8%) | 57207 (78.9%) | |
| Black | 39583 (8.6%) | 3373 (4.7%) | |
| Hispanic | 10399 (2.3%) | 1200 (1.7%) | |
| Other | 74604 (16.3%) | 10760 (14.8%) | |
| Type of surgery | <0.0001 | ||
| Spine | 54067 (11.8%) | 11285 (15.6%) | |
| Pneumonectomy | 8572 (1.9%) | 1364 (1.9%) | |
| Cardio | 71801 (15.7%) | 6196 (8.5%) | |
| Vascular | 16942 (3.7%) | 2309 (3.2%) | |
| GI | 15530 (3.4%) | 2506 (3.5%) | |
| Nephrectomy | 6718 (1.5%) | 826 (1.1%) | |
| GYN | 21009 (4.6%) | 3840 (5.3%) | |
| Hip/femur fracture | 7054 (1.5%) | 1969 (2.7%) | |
| Arthroplasty knee | 170450 (37.2%) | 29012 (40.0%) | |
| Hip replacement | 85733 (18.7%) | 13233 (18.2%) | |
| Admit source | 0.0003 | ||
| Outpatient | 426246 (93.1%) | 67598 (93.2%) | |
| Transfer | 25647 (5.6%) | 4122 (5.7%) | |
| Not specified | 5983 (1.3%) | 820 (1.1%) | |
| Primary payer | <0.0001 | ||
| Uninsured | 5660 (1.2%) | 610 (0.8%) | |
| Indemnity | 46947 (10.3%) | 7456 (10.3%) | |
| Managed care/capitated | 4504 (1.0%) | 790 (1.1%) | |
| Managed care/non-capitated | 122268 (26.7%) | 19630 (27.1%) | |
| Medicaid | 14730 (3.2%) | 3275 (4.5%) | |
| Medicare | 259425 (56.7%) | 40098 (55.3%) | |
| other | 4342 (1.0%) | 681 (0.9%) | |
| Disposition | <0.0001 | ||
| Home | 167157 (36.5%) | 24361 (33.6%) | |
| Transfer | 8498 (1.9%) | 1592 (2.2%) | |
| SNF | 90554 (19.8%) | 17455 (24.1%) | |
| Home health care | 149013 (32.5%) | 21853 (30.1%) | |
| Died (initial hospitalization) | 1937 (0.4%) | 331 (0.5%) | |
| Rehabilitation center | 40410 (8.8%) | 6909 (9.5%) | |
| Other | 307 (0.1%) | 39 (0.1%) | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 299280 (65.4%) | 46796 (64.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Depression | 28163 (6.2%) | 29754 (41.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes | 93608 (20.4%) | 15604 (21.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 77705 (17.0%) | 16643 (22.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Deficiency anemia | 75127 (16.4%) | 13170 (18.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 64723 (14.1%) | 12501 (17.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypothyroidism | 56980 (12.4%) | 12574 (17.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Fluid & electrolyte disorders | 52353 (11.4%) | 8965 (12.4%) | <0.0001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 27059 (5.9%) | 3430 (4.7%) | <0.0001 |
| CHF | 19993 (4.4%) | 4052 (5.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Valve disease | 21496 (4.7%) | 3638 (5.0%) | 0.0002 |
| Renal failure | 23515 (5.1%) | 3568 (4.9%) | 0.0136 |
| Other neurological disease | 15816 (3.5%) | 4953 (6.8%) | <0.0001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vas | 14281 (3.1%) | 2941 (4.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Coagulopathy | 15074 (3.3%) | 1901 (2.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Chronic blood loss anemia | 11732 (2.6%) | 2109 (2.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes w/ chronic complications | 11856 (2.6%) | 2065 (2.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Psychoses | 6783 (1.5%) | 3097 (4.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Pulmonary circulation disease | 5363 (1.2%) | 950 (2.3%) | 0.0014 |
| Alcohol abuse | 6030 (1.3%) | 1016 (1.4%) | 0.0675 |
| Weight loss | 4784 (1.0%) | 913 (1.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Metastatic cancer | 5262 (1.2%) | 829 (1.1%) | 0.8815 |
| Paralysis | 4012 (0.9%) | 960 (1.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Liver disease | 3697 (0.8%) | 787 (1.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Drug abuse | 2693 (0.6%) | 628 (0.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Solid tumor w/o metastasis | 3647 (0.8%) | 462 (0.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Lymphoma | 1593 (0.4%) | 262 (0.4%) | 0.5738 |
| Characteristics of Hospitals | |||
| Location | <0.0001 | ||
| Rural | 50195 (11.0%) | 8690 (12.0%) | |
| Urban | 407681 (89.0%) | 63850 (88.0%) | |
| Area | <0.0001 | ||
| Midwest | 105698 (23.1%) | 16908 (23.3%) | |
| Northeast | 67816 (14.8%) | 9546 (13.2%) | |
| South | 194412 (42.5%) | 32080 (44.2%) | |
| West | 89950 (19.7%) | 14006 (19.3%) | |
| Number of beds | 0.0003 | ||
| 0−99 | 11553 (2.5%) | 1786 (2.5%) | |
| 100−199 | 34937 (7.6%) | 5801 (8.0%) | |
| 200−299 | 65708 (14.4%) | 10501 (14.5%) | |
| 300−399 | 94346 (20.6%) | 14728 (20.3%) | |
| 400−499 | 81890 (17.9%) | 13225 (18.2%) | |
| ≥500 | 169442 (37.0%) | 26499 (36.5%) | |
| Teaching | 115974 (25.3%) | 17144 (23.6%) | <0.0001 |
| Outcomes | |||
| Mortality (initial hospitalization and readmission) | 2667 (0.6%) | 461 (0.6%) | 0.0830 |
| Readmission 30 days | 30296 (6.6%) | 5725 (7.9%) | <0.0001 |
| Any bleeding | 12193 (2.7%) | 1887 (2.6%) | 0.3374 |
| LOS mean (SD) | 5.3 (4.7) | 5.2 (4.7) | 0.0584 |
| LOS median (IQR) | 4 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 5) | <0.0001 |
| Transfusions median (IQR) (range) | 0 (0, 0) (0−48) | 0 (0, 0) (0−76) | <0.0001 |
| Ventricular arrhythmia | 6958 (1.5%) | 709 (1.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Transfusion count | |||
| 0 | 399351 (87.2%) | 61787 (85.2%) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 27661 (6.0%) | 4950 (6.8%) | |
| 2 | 23384 (5.1%) | 4470 (6.2%) | |
| 3 | 3765 (0.8%) | 665 (0.9%) | |
| ≥ 4 | 3715 (0.8%) | 668 (0.9%) |