Table 3.
Raw scores for neuropsychological tests
| Domain | Tests | Patients (n = 40) | Controls (n = 25) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Intelligence | Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (VIQ) | 41.0 (12.4) | 55.0 (7.8) | <0.001 |
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (PIQ) | 21.4 (7.7) | 26.9 (3.8) | <0.001 | |
| Language | Boston Naming Test | 43.0 (7.9) | 49.3 (6.9) | 0.002 |
| Expressive Vocabulary Test-2 | 122.7 (22.1) | 147.6 (22.8) | <0.001 | |
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test –IV | 167.4 (22.2) | 191.7 (20.4) | 0.001 | |
| Memory | Children’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test-II: Word list immediate recall | 10.4 (3.4) | 11.4 (2.8) | 0.188 |
| Children’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test-II: Word list delayed recall | 10.0 (3.9) | 11.4 (2.8) | 0.115 | |
| Children’s Memory Scale (Face recognition immediate recall) | 36.2 (5.9) | 38.2 (4.5) | 0.149 | |
| Children’s Memory Scale (Face recognition delayed recall) | 34.8 (5.7) | 37.4 (5.5) | 0.082 | |
| Executive function | Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (Verbal fluency – Category switching accuracy) | 10.7 (3.4) | 13.4 (3.3) | 0.003 |
| Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (Color-word interference test – inhibition; seconds) | 76.8 (36.6) | 59.0 (18.0) | 0.010 | |
| Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (Sorting test – confirmed correct sorts) | 8.0 (2.3) | 9.7 (1.8) | 0.003 | |
| Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (verbal fluency) | 26.5 (13.1) | 38.3 (10.8) | <0.001 | |
| Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (omission errors) | 21.2 (23.2) | 7.0 (7.7) | 0.002 | |
| Motor function | Grooved Pegboard – dominant hand (seconds) | 84.6 (63.6) | 65.2 (12.1) | 0.138 |
| Grooved Pegboard – nondominant hand (seconds) | 98.9 (76.0) | 70.0 (14.7) | 0.065 | |
| Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-IV (Coding) | 46.5 (17.7) | 64.4 (20.7) | <0.001 |
SD, standard deviation.