Table 5. Odds of post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD) symptoms associated with loss events and past psychiatric history among injured and uninjured surveyed participants eight months after tornado impact (N = 298).
| Risk Factors for PTSDa | PTSD Case (N = 66) N (%) | PTSD Control (N = 232) N (%) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)b | ||||
| Loss Events c,d | ||||||||
| Loss of close person | 30 (45.5) | 50 (21.6) | 2.97 (1.67–5.28) | 2.36 (1.22–4.54) | ||||
| Loss of home | 52 (78.8) | 131 (56.5) | 2.96 (1.53–5.74) | 3.48 (1.61–7.52) | ||||
| Loss of pet | 19 (28.8) | 45 (19.4) | 1.64 (0.88–3.07) | 1.07 (0.51–2.23) | ||||
| Loss of workplace | 10 (15.2) | 12 (5.2) | 3.16 (1.30–7.68) | 2.91 (1.05–8.06) | ||||
| Number of Loss Events | ||||||||
| None | 9 (13.6) | 80 (34.5) | 1 (Reference) | 1 (Reference) | ||||
| 1 to 2 | 42 (63.6) | 131 (56.5) | 2.85 (1.32–6.17) | 3.08 (1.30–7.30) | ||||
| 3 to 4 | 15 (22.7) | 21 (9.1) | 6.35 (2.44–16.52) | 4.71 (1.52–14.57) | ||||
| Own Tornado Injury c | 26 (39.4) | 72 (31.0) | 1.44 (0.82–2.55) | 1.14 (0.57–2.26) | ||||
| Past Psychiatric History c | 29 (43.9) | 33 (14.2) | 4.58 (2.49–8.44) | 3. 94 (2.01–7.70) | ||||
a
PTSD screening based on Breslau's Short Screening Scale for PTSD (7 dichotomous items); 4 points was the cut-off used for presence of PTSD.
b
Loss events, and number of loss events adjusted for age, race, sex, own tornado injury and past psychiatric history; own tornado injury adjusted for age, sex, race, number of loss events and past psychiatric history; past psychiatric history adjusted for age, sex, race, number of loss events, and own tornado injury.
c
Reference category is answer “no” to respective item.
d
Multiple positive responses allowed.