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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2013 Dec;119(6):10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a950da. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3182a950da

Figure 2. Isoflurane induces interleukin (IL)-11 in human proximal tubule (HK-2) cells via transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1).

Figure 2

A. IL-11 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) (detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)) expression in HK-2 cells treated with 2.5% isoflurane for 6 h (N = 6). Representative images (top) and band intensity quantifications (bottom) expressed as fold increases in IL-11 expression over carrier gas plus immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype antibody treated controls. B. IL-11 protein (detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) expression in HK-2 cells treated with 2.5% isoflurane for 6 h (N = 6). * P < 0.05 vs. carrier gas group treated with IgG isotype antibody. # P < 0.05 vs. isoflurane group treated with IgG isotype antibody. Error bars represent 1 SD. TGF-β1 antibody (10 μg/ml) prevents isoflurane-mediated induction of IL-11 mRNA and protein expression in human proximal tubule cells.