FIGURE 2.

Performance across individual trials in three spatial navigation subtasks for the three age groups. Mean distance errors from the goal with SD are depicted for each trial. Trial 1 was excluded from the analyses to reduce possible bias by a rebound effect. Allocentric–egocentric subtask was not included in statistical analyses, because it was intended as a learning trial to familiarize participants with testing procedure. In the allocentric subtask, the participants 71–84 years old made on average significantly more distance errors than those 18–26 and 60–70 years of age. No significant results were observed for the egocentric subtask. All groups improved their performance in a similar way across seven consecutive trials.