(b) MCP-1
| Citation | n, gender | Group | Exercise program | Diet restriction | Duration of intervention | Pre-MCP-1 (pg/mL) | Post-MCP-1(pg/mL) | P value | Changes of BM, BMI, FM, and % BFM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trøseid et al. [64] | 14 | MS with or without administration of pravastatin control | None | None | 12 weeks | −2.0 (the changes from baseline in plasma levels of MCP-1) | NS | BMI: NS | |
| 18 | MS with or without administration of pravastatin exercise | The duration of each workout was 45–60 min. Approximately 40% of the scheduled workout was walking/jogging/cycling and 60% was strength training. The strength training was performed in cycles with 15–20 repetitions per cycle, and large muscle groups such as thighs, back, and abdomen were trained. | None | 12 weeks | −50 | P < 0.01 | BMI: decrease | ||
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Christiansen et al. [32] |
9 m, 10 f | Obese exercise | Aerobic exercise for 65–75 min on 3 times/week (energy expenditure of 500–600 kcal/session) | None | 12 weeks | Decreasing trend (Relative changes) | P = 0.06 | BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 3.5% |
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| 10 m, 11 f | Obese exercise + hypocaloric diet | Same as above | Very low energy diet (800 kcal/day) for 8 weeks followed by a weight maintenance diet for 4 weeks | 12 weeks | Decrease | P < 0.05 | BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 11.1% |
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| 10 m, 9 f | Obese hypocaloric diet | None | Very low energy diet (600 kcal/day) for 8 weeks followed by a weight maintenance diet for 4 weeks | 12 weeks | Decrease | P < 0.05 | BM and BMI: NS Changes in body weight after intervention were 10.5% |
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| Bruun et al. [33] | 11 m, 12 f | Obese | Exercise training consisted of at least 2-3 h of moderate intensity physical activity (e.g., walking, swimming, aerobics) on 5 times/week | Hypocaloric diet calculated to reduce the subject's body weight by ~1%/week |
15 weeks | 141.2 ± 8.3 | 122.0 ± 6.3 | P < 0.01 | BM, BMI, and FM: decrease |
Results are reported as mean ± SD or SE; P value reported for pre- versus post values. f: female; HRM: heart rate maximum; m: male; MS: metabolic syndrome; NIDDM: noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus; NS: not significant; RM: repetition maximum; O2 max: maximal oxygen uptake; WL: weight loss.