Table 5.
Effects of exercise training on human blood levels of IL-6.
| Citation | n, gender | Group | Exercise program | Diet restriction | Duration of intervention | Pre-IL-6 (pg/mL) | Post-IL-6(pg/mL) | P value | Changes of body mass (BM), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), and % body fat mass (% BFM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Oberbach et al. [66] |
9 m, 11 f | Normal glucose tolerance | Exercise training consisted of 20 min warming and cool-down periods, 20 min of running or biking, and 20 min of powertraining |
None | 4 weeks | NS | BM, BMI, and %BFM: decrease | ||
| 9 m, 11 f | Impaired glucose tolerance | Same as above | None | 4 weeks | NS | BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease | |||
| 11 m, 9 f | T2DM | Same as above | None | 4 weeks | NS | BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Polak et al. [42] |
25 f | Obese premenopausal | Aerobic exercise (aerobic exercise performed in gymnasium and cycleergometer) for 45 min on 5 times/week at 50% O2 max | None | 12 weeks | 3.1 ± 3.7 | 1.4 ± 1.5 | NS | BM, BMI, and % BFM: decrease |
|
| |||||||||
| Nassis et al. [68] |
21 f | Overweight/obese girls | Aerobic training for 40 min (10 min of warm up, 25 min of physical training games, and 5 minutes of cool down) on 3 times/week | None | 12 weeks | 1.67 ± 1.29 | 1.65 ± 1.25 | NS | BM, BMI, and % BFM: NS |
|
| |||||||||
| Bruun et al. [33] | 11 m, 12 f | Obese | Exercise training consisted of at least 2-3 h of moderate intensity physical activity (e.g., walking, swimming, aerobics) on 5 times/week | Hypocaloric diet calculated to reduce the subject's body weight by ~1%/week |
15 weeks | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | P < 0.01 | BM, BMI, and FM: decrease |
|
| |||||||||
|
Kohut et al. [62] |
40 | Overweight aerobic exercise with or without β-blocker treatment | Aerobic exercise for 45 min on 3 times/week | None | 10 months | Decrease | Significant treatment × time interaction. P < 0.05 | BMI: NS | |
| 47 | Overweight flexibility/strength exercise with or without β-blocker treatment | Flexibility/strength exercise for 45 min on 3 times/week | None | 10 months | NS | BMI: NS | |||
|
| |||||||||
|
Nicklas et al. [63] |
Base line: 70 6 months: 63: 18 months: 60 |
Overweight or obese older control | None | None | 18 months | 4.7 ± 3.2 | Changes 0.19 ± 2.8 (6 months) 0.27 ± 2.8 (18 months) |
NS | BM: NS |
| Base line: 67 6 months: 58: 18 months: 53 |
Overweight or obese exercise | Exercise program consisted of an aerobic phase (15 min), a resistance-training phase (15 min), a second aerobic phase (15 min), and a cool-down phase (15 min) on 3 times/week. | None | 18 months | 4.4 ± 3.1 | Changes 0.15 ± 1.8 (6 months) 0.02 ± 2.4 (18 months) |
NS | BM: NS | |
| Base line: 71 6 months: 63: 18 months: 53 |
Overweight or obese dietary WL | None | Counseling to decrease their energy intake by 500 kcal/day | 18 months | 4.7 ± 3.4 | Changes −0.51 ± 2.1 (6 months) −0.71 ± 2.4 (18 months) |
Main effect of WL, P = 0.009 | BM: decrease | |
| Base line: 64 6 months: 58 18 months: 53 |
Overweight or obese exercise + dietary WL | Exercise program consisted of an aerobic phase (15 min), a resistance-training phase (15 min), a second aerobic phase (15 min), and a cool-down phase (15 min) on 3 times/week. | Same as above | 18 months | 4.9 ± 3.0 | Changes −0.35 ± 2.15 (6 months) −0.35 ± 1.8 (18 months) |
Main effect of WL, P = 0.009 | BM: decrease | |
Results are reported as mean ± SD or SE; P value reported for pre- versus post values. f: female; HRM: heart rate maximum; m: male; NS: not significant; WL: weight loss.