Table 2.
Pooled estimates for overall and subgroup meta-analyses for HLA–B51/B5 carriage and its association with BD risk*
| Pooled prevalence for HLA–B51/B5† |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subgroups | Populations, no. |
BD cases (95% CI) |
Controls (95% CI) |
OR (95% CI) |
I2 (%) |
P het | P cov |
| Overall | 80 | 57.2 (53.4–60.9) | 18.1 (16.1–20.3) | 5.78 (5.00–6.67) | 60.6 | 0.0001 | |
| By geographic area | 0.31 | ||||||
| Eastern Asia | 25 | 55.0 (49.8–60.1) | 19.6 (16.0–23.7) | 5.18 (4.15–6.47) | 52.2 | 0.001 | |
| Middle East/North Africa | 27 | 63.5 (58.8–68.0) | 21.7 (18.2–25.7) | 6.25 (4.87–8.03) | 70.4 | 0.0001 | |
| Southern Europe | 15 | 60.6 (51.9–68.7) | 16.8 (13.3–21.0) | 7.20 (4.89–10.62) | 57.2 | 0.003 | |
| Northern/Eastern Europe | 11 | 39.0 (28.2–51.1) | 11.2 (8.1–15.3) | 5.31 (3.35–8.40) | 55.6 | 0.013 | |
| North America‡ | 2 | 34.2 (6.0–80.8) | 18.0 (7.6–37.1) | 2.35 (0.56–9.82) | 57.0 | 0.13 | |
| By genotype | 0.81 | ||||||
| HLA–B51 | 50 | 5.90 (4.87–7.16) | 66.8 | 0.0001 | |||
| HLA–B5 | 30 | 5.64 (4.57–6.95) | 45.1 | 0.005 | |||
| By genotyping technique | 0.07 | ||||||
| Serologic | 49 | 6.31 (5.23–7.60) | 59.3 | 0.0001 | |||
| Molecular | 23 | 4.74 (3.71–6.05) | 65.1 | 0.0001 | |||
| By classification criteria | 0.09 | ||||||
| International Study Group | 36 | 5.31 (4.38–6.43) | 61.3 | 0.0001 | |||
| Japanese BD Research Committee |
16 | 7.48 (5.25–10.64) | 57.9 | 0.002 | |||
| By publication type | 0.45 | ||||||
| Peer-reviewed journal | 72 | 5.66 (4.88–6.57) | 58.0 | 0.0001 | |||
| Conference proceedings/book | 8 | 7.20 (4.08–12.71) | 77.8 | 0.0001 | |||
| By publication language | 0.16 | ||||||
| English | 61 | 6.12 (5.18–7.23) | 63.9 | 0.0001 | |||
| Non-English | 19 | 4.66 (3.60–6.04) | 38.2 | 0.05 | |||
| By ethnic matching of controls | 0.37 | ||||||
| Specifically mentioned in the publication |
50 | 6.10 (5.05–7.36) | 62.5 | 0.0001 | |||
| Not specified | 30 | 5.29 (4.25–6.60) | 57.8 | 0.0001 | |||
*
BD = Behçet’s disease; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; Phet = P values for heterogeneity statistics; Pcov = P values for significance of corresponding covariates in the pooled genetic effect (calculated by random-effects meta-regression).
†
Pooled prevalence values were calculated using random-effects normal-logistic models.
‡
Two studies combined in the North American group had distinctly different ethnicities.