Table 1.
Characteristics of hippocampal sclerosis dementia.
| ID | Sex | Age* | Syndrome** | First dx*** | Final dx*** | Tau | TDP43 | UBQ | FC | TC | HC | ERC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 64 | Amnesia | AD | HSD | P | ||||||
| 2 | F | 82 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | N | ++ | - | +++ | +++ | |
| 3 | F | 94 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | N | P | - | - | +++ | + |
| 4 | M | 55 | Abnormal conduct | AD | AD | N | P | P | - | - | - | - |
| 5 | M | 79 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | - | - | +++ | + | ||
| 6 | M | 69 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | P | P | + | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 7 | F | 74 | Amnesia + abnormal conduct + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | P | P | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 8 | M | 64 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | N | P | - | - | +++ | + |
| 9 | F | 79 | Amnesia + irritability/agitation | AD | FTD | N | P | P | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 10 | F | 79 | Amnesia + abnormal conduct + parkinsonism | PSP | PSP | N | - | - | - | - | ||
| 11 | M | 73 | Amnesia + abnormal conduct + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | P | P | + | + | +++ | +++ |
| 12 | F | 74 | Amnesia + psychosis + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | N | N | + | + | +++ | + |
| 13 | M | 81 | Amnesia + abnormal conduct + irritability/agitation | AD | FTD | N | P | P | + | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| 14 | M | 94 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | N | N | + | ++ | +++ | ++ |
| 15 | M | 55 | Agnosia + abnormal conduct + irritability/agitation | DNOS | DNOS | N | P | P | - | - | +++ | + |
| 16 | F | 89 | Normal | Normal | DNOS | N | P | P | - | - | - | - |
| 17 | F | 82 | Amnesia + aphasia + abnormal conduct + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | P | P | + | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 18 | F | 96 | Amnesia + agnosia + apraxia | AD | AD | N | P | P | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| 19 | M | 79 | Amnesia | AD | AD | - | - | +++ | - | |||
| 20 | M | 77 | Executive dysfunction + abnormal conduct + parkinsonism | AD | AD | P | N | P | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ |
| 21 | F | 90 | Amnesia + abnormal conduct | AD | AD | N | N | P | - | - | +++ | + |
| 22 | F | 83 | Amnesia | AD | AD | N | N | P | - | + | +++ | +++ |
| 23 | M | 82 | Abnormal conduct + neglect of self-care + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | P | P | ++ | +++ | +++ | +++ |
| 24 | M | 83 | Amnesia + neglect of self-care + irritability/agitation | AD | AD | N | P | P | - | - | +++ | +++ |
Cases 1, 3-8, 12, 15 and 17-23 were referred by research projects; others referred by clinics.
Age at death (years).
Clinical syndrome at illness onset.
First and Final clinical diagnosis; AD: Alzheimer disease; FTD: frontotemporal dementia; HSD: hippocampal sclerosis dementia; normal: research control subject; PSP: progressive supranuclear palsy; DNOS: dementia not otherwise specified. Neuropathological characteristics described by immunohistochemical and neuroanatomical aspects: Tau; TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein 43; UBQ: ubiquitin; FC: frontal cortex; TC = temporal cortex; HC = hippocampus; ERC: entorrhinal cortex. P: positive immunohistochemical staining for tau, TDP-43 and/or ubiquitin; N: negative. Plus (+) signs denote neuronal loss and atrophy (mild +, moderate ++, severe +++); dash (-) indicates minimal atrophy.