Table 1.
Specific and age adjusted rates of people with diabetes mellitus according to the sociodemographic variables of the research
|
Sociodemographic variables |
Total |
Specific rate of people with diabetes mellitus |
Confidence interval (95%) |
p value
a
|
Age adjusted rate of DM to Panamanian population for 2012 |
People without diabetes mellitus |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency | % | Frequency | % | Frequency | % | ||||
|
Total |
3590 |
100.0 |
340 |
9.5 |
8.5–10.5 |
NA |
7.7 |
3250 |
90.5 |
|
Area |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Urban |
1688 |
47.0 |
177 |
10.5 |
9.0–12.0 |
0.0575 |
7.9b |
1511 |
89.5 |
| Rural |
1699 |
47.3 |
156 |
9.2 |
7.8–10.6 |
0.6148 |
8.0b |
1543 |
90.8 |
| Indigenous |
203 |
5.7 |
7 |
3.4 |
0.9–5.9 |
0.0038 |
3.3b |
196 |
96.6 |
|
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Men |
1074 |
29.9 |
111 |
10.3 |
8.5–12.1 |
0.2742 |
8.2 |
963 |
89.7 |
| Women |
2516 |
70.1 |
229 |
9.1 |
8.0–10.2 |
|
7.9 |
2287 |
90.9 |
|
Age (years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 18-29 |
735 |
20.5 |
11 |
1.5 |
0.0–2.4 |
0.0000 |
1.5 |
724 |
98.5 |
| 30-39 |
692 |
19.3 |
35 |
5.1 |
3.5–6.7 |
0.0000 |
5.1 |
657 |
94.9 |
| 40-49 |
715 |
19.9 |
58 |
8.1 |
6.1–10.1 |
0.1884 |
8.1 |
657 |
91.9 |
| 50-59 |
657 |
18.3 |
101 |
15.4 |
12.6–18.2 |
0.0000 |
15.4 |
556 |
84.6 |
| 60 and over |
791 |
22.0 |
135 |
17.1 |
14.7–19.7 |
0.0000 |
17.1 |
656 |
82.9 |
|
Sociocultural groups |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| African American (Afro-Panamanian) |
757 |
21.1 |
90 |
11.9 |
9.6–14.2 |
0.0090 |
9.5 |
667 |
88.1 |
| Mestizo |
1937 |
54.0 |
168 |
8.7 |
7.4–10.0 |
0.1319 |
7.0 |
1769 |
91.3 |
| Asian |
27 |
0.8 |
2 |
7.4 |
0–16.0 |
NA |
5.8 |
25 |
92.6 |
| Native |
391 |
10.9 |
21 |
5.4 |
3.2–7.6 |
0.0053 |
5.0 |
370 |
94.6 |
| White |
431 |
12.0 |
51 |
11.8 |
8.8–14.8 |
0.0745 |
9.3 |
380 |
88.2 |
| Others |
44 |
1.2 |
8 |
18.2 |
NA |
NA |
18.0 |
36 |
81.8 |
| Not specified (No response) |
3 |
0.1 |
0 |
0.0 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
3 |
100.0 |
|
Monthly family income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 600 USD and more |
507 |
14.1 |
62 |
12.2 |
9.4–15.0 |
0.0342 |
9.7 |
445 |
87.8 |
| Less than 600 USD |
2929 |
81.6 |
267 |
9.1 |
8.1–10.1 |
|
7.6 |
2662 |
90.9 |
| Does not know/Does not work |
154 |
4.3 |
11 |
7.1 |
NA |
NA |
4.1 |
143 |
92.9 |
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Single |
734 |
20.4 |
66 |
9.0 |
6.9–11.1 |
0.6543 |
8.6 |
668 |
91.0 |
| Free union or married |
2460 |
68.5 |
229 |
9.3 |
8.2–10.4 |
0.6229 |
7.8 |
2231 |
90.7 |
| Separated or divorced |
225 |
6.3 |
19 |
8.4 |
4.8–12.0 |
0.6627 |
5.0 |
206 |
91.6 |
| Widow |
163 |
4.5 |
26 |
16.0 |
10.4–21.6 |
0.0061 |
5.9 |
137 |
84.0 |
| Not specified (No response) |
8 |
0.2 |
0 |
0.0 |
NA |
NA |
NA |
8 |
100.0 |
|
Schooling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| No schooling |
186 |
5.2 |
10 |
5.4 |
2.2–8.6 |
0.0673 |
2.3 |
176 |
94.6 |
| Elementary |
1188 |
33.1 |
129 |
10.9 |
9.1–12.7 |
0.0528 |
7.2 |
1059 |
89.1 |
| High school |
1499 |
41.8 |
125 |
8.3 |
6.9–9.7 |
0.0570 |
8.0 |
1374 |
91.7 |
| University |
622 |
17.3 |
59 |
9.5 |
7.2–11.8 |
0.9510 |
9.3 |
563 |
90.5 |
| Post-graduate |
62 |
1.7 |
10 |
16.1 |
7.0–25.2 |
0.1124 |
15.1 |
52 |
83.9 |
| Not specified (No response) | 33 | 0.9 | 7 | 21.2 | 7.3–35.1 | NA | NA | 26 | 78.8 |
aP value was carried out among the total number of people with diabetes and without diabetes (according area, sex, age groups, sociocultural groups, monthly family income, marital status and schooling).
bAge adjusted rate to Panamanian population for 2010 for urban, rural and indigenous areas.
NA: Not applicable.