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Secreted ISG15 modulates the activities of multiple mammalian cell types. ISG15 has been shown to alter the phenotypes of various cells. T and NK cells secrete IFN-γ upon ISG15 stimulation, while dendritic cells upregulate expression of E-cadherin, CD15, and CD86 in response to ISG15. ISG15 enhances the chemotactic activity of neutrophils. Although ISG15 has been detected on the surface of red blood cells, it is not known what the functional impact of this is.
