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. 2013 Dec 19;9(12):e1003386. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003386

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© 2013 Halnes et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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(A–D) Dynamics of selected variables in a point () in the input zone. (E–H) Spatial profiles of selected variables at a time , when the system was in steady state. The constant cation-exchange input was applied to the ECS of the input () zone from to . (A) The input and output flux densities of K⁺ to the point . We recall that the Na⁺ input/output (not shown) was the opposite of that of K⁺: and . (B,D) During the input, ion concentrations in the ECS and ICS changed, but reached steady state after about 10–50 s after stimulus onset. (B) (at ) had then increased by about 7.7 mM with respect to the baseline value. (C) had increased by about 12.5 mM due to uptake by the astrocyte. (D) The astrocytic membrane potential had been depolarized to about −59 mV at . The impact of the input was smaller outside the input zone. (F–H) Deviations from the baseline ionic concentrations and typically decreased with . Far away from the input zone (), the conditions were close to the baseline conditions. (B–C, F–G) Ionic concentrations were represented in terms of deviations from resting concentrations: for . For direct comparison with ion concentrations, the charge density was represented as an equivalent concentration of unit charges .

Inline graphic — (A–D) Dynamics of selected variables in a point () in the input zone. (E–H) Spatial profiles of selected variables at a time , when the system was in steady state. The constant cation-exchange input was applied to the ECS of the input () zone from to . (A) The input and output flux densities of K⁺ to the point . We recall that the Na⁺ input/output (not shown) was the opposite of that of K⁺: and . (B,D) During the input, ion concentrations in the ECS and ICS changed, but reached steady state after about 10–50 s after stimulus onset. (B) (at ) had then increased by about 7.7 mM with respect to the baseline value. (C) had increased by about 12.5 mM due to uptake by the astrocyte. (D) The astrocytic membrane potential had been depolarized to about −59 mV at . The impact of the input was smaller outside the input zone. (F–H) Deviations from the baseline ionic concentrations and typically decreased with . Far away from the input zone (), the conditions were close to the baseline conditions. (B–C, F–G) Ionic concentrations were represented in terms of deviations from resting concentrations: for . For direct comparison with ion concentrations, the charge density was represented as an equivalent concentration of unit charges .