Table 3.
Studies of prognostic biomarkers
| Study | No. of patients | Positive case (%) | Biomarker | Correlation with survival |
| Nash et al[110] | 188 | 27 | KRAS | Independent predictor of poor survival (HR = 1.9) |
| Nash et al[110] | 188 | 62 | Ki-67 | Independent predictors of poor survival (HR = 2.6) |
| Teng et al[113] | 292 | 2.1 | BRAF | Independent prognostic biomarker after metastasectomy (HR = 6.245, P < 0.003) |
| Smith et al[26] | 66 | 36 | Ki-67 | Ki-67 correlate with survival (P = 0.04) |
| Smith et al[26] | 66 | 35 | hTERT | Htert correlate with survival (P = 0.0001) |
| Dômont et al[25] | 201 | 43 | hTERT | Independent predictor of poor survival |
| (RR = 2.03, P < 0.0001) | ||||
| Gonen et al[123] | 156 | Not reported | TS | Independent predictor of poor survival |
| (RR = 4.22, P < 0.01) | ||||
| Costa et al[137] | 104 | Not reported | TLI | High TLI independently |
| Predicted decreased DFS | ||||
| (P = 0.035) | ||||
| Nitti et al[128] | 69 | 64 | p53 | Independent predictor of poor survival |
| (RR = 2.53, P = 0.008) | ||||
| Mehta et al[144] | 50 | 30 | FGA | A high FGA is an independent predictor of survival (P = 0.01) |
| Shimomura et al[136] | 64 | 31 | HIF-1α | High HIF-1α is an independent risk factor for recurrence |
hTERT: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase; TS: Thymidylate synthase; TLI: Thymidylate labeling index; DFS: Disease free survival; FGA: Fraction of genome altered; HIF-1α: Hypoxia inducible factor-1α.