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. 2013 Nov 13;288(51):36691–36702. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.512806

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2.

Exosomes trigger cytokine production and cell signaling in THP-1 cells. A, cells were incubated with 40 μg/ml AF or AS exosomes for the indicated times at 37 °C and analyzed by RT-PCR for the expression of cytokines. Pooled results of n = 3 experiments are shown. RANTES, regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted. Error bars, S.E. B, exposure of THP-1 cells to exosomes induces secretion of cytokines. Cells were incubated with 40 μg/ml exosomes for the indicated length of time at 37 °C, and the culture supernatant was analyzed by multiplex ELISA. A representative experiment of n = 3 experiments is shown. C, cells were incubated with 40 μg/ml A125, AS, AF, or LC exosomes for the indicated length of time at 37 °C. Cell lysates were analyzed by Western blotting. A representative of n > 3 experiments is shown. D, THP-1 cells were incubated with BSA (40 μg/ml, as negative control) or LPS (1 μg/ml, as positive control) for the indicated length of time. Note that BSA does not activate STAT3 phosphorylation whereas LPS does. E, THP-1 cells were incubated with IL-6 containing cell culture supernatant (SN) for the indicated length of time followed by Western blot analysis.