Relationship of KSHV VL and key cytokines during KSHV-MCD flares. (A-C) KSHV VL was associated with vIL-6, hIL-6, and IL-10 during KSHV-MCD flares. For vIL-6, P < .001 by Jonckheere-Terpstra test for trend; for hIL-6 R = 0.55 and P < .001, and for IL-10 R = 0.73 and P < .001. (D) In contrast, levels of hIL-6 were not associated with the 3 ordered categories (illustrated: undetectable; detectable below 5500 pg/mL; and detectable above 5500 pg/mL) of vIL-6 levels during KSHV-MCD flares (P = .27 by Jonckheere-Terpstra trend test). Correlations between KSHV VL and flare-associated cytokines not pictured were weaker: for IL-1β, R = 0.21; for IL-5 R = −0.40, and for TNF-α R = −0.02. For hIL-6, the midpoint of levels found in 9 to 10 normal donors using the same method is shown.