Table 1.

Table of quantities and associated units.

quantity	symbol	units	typical values
bee packing fraction	ρ	dimensionless	approximately 0.2−0.8
bee metabolic rate		power/volume	approximately 0.001−0.01 W cm−3 [2,3]
heat conductivity	k	power/(distance × temperature)	approximately 0.0004−0.006 W (cm°C)–1? (appendix A.1.)
permeability	κ	distance2	(0.05 cm)2? (appendix A.1.)
Darcy velocity		distance/time	approximately 1 cm s−1? (appendix A.1.)
air heat capacity	𝒞	energy/(volume × temperature)	1.2 × 10−3 J (ml°C)–1
air specific weight	γair	pressure/distance	1.2 × g (cm2 s2)–1
coefficient of thermal expansion	αair	temperature−1	1/300°C
air viscosity	η	pressure × time	1.8 × 10−4 g (cm s)–1
T dependence of ρm	αbee	temperature−1	approximately 0.04°C−1?
behavioural pressure	Pb	model dependent (appendix A.3.)	unknown (appendix A.3.)
thermotactic coefficient	χ	behavioural pressure/temperature	unknown (appendix A.3.)