Figure 4.
Three categories of synthesis and processing approaches used to produce ceria particles: high-temperature processing (a)–(c) (Refs. 43, 44, 45), indirect heating of precursors or nanoparticles in solution (d)–(f) (Refs. 40, 41, 42), and room-temperature synthesis of nanoparticles (g)–(i) (Refs. 39, 38, 34). Adapted from Ref. 30.