Skip to main content
. 2013 Dec 10;19(17):2040–2053. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4756

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

The excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitamin C-insufficient Gulo(−/−) mice in response to Con A. WT [Gulo(+/+)], vitamin C-insufficient [Gulo(−/−)], and vitamin C-sufficient [Gulo(−/−)+VC] mice were intravenously injected with 20 μg/g of Con A or PBS. (A) Increased cytokine levels in plasma. Blood was collected from the intraorbital plexus of each mouse in all experimental groups at 6 and 18 h after Con A injection, and then plasma was prepared as described in the Materials and Methods section. The cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead array (CBA) or ELISA as described in the Materials and Methods section [n=8–9, *p<0.05 or **p<0.01 vs. Gulo(+/+), †p<0.05 or ††p<0.01 or †††p<0.001 vs. Gulo(−/−)+VC]. (B) Increase of cytokine production from liver MNCs by Con A injection. Four hours after injection, liver MNCs were isolated and cultured as described in the Materials and Methods section. The levels of cytokine in the culture supernatant were measured by CBA or ELISA as described in the Materials and Methods section [n=10, *p<0.05 or ***p<0.001 vs. Gulo(+/+), †p<0.05 or ††p<0.01 or †††p<0.001 vs. Gulo(−/−)+VC]. MNCs, mononuclear cells; ND, not detected.