Table 1. Characteristics of the excluded studies.
| Authors | Year, place | Study type | Inclusion criteria | No. of eyes | Intervention | Follow-up period | Improvement in BCVA (logMAR) | Reduction in CMT (μm) | Adverse effects | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entezari et al43 | 2012, Iran | Prospective interventional case series | Refractory CSC >1 year | 5 | 1.25 mg IVB | 6 mon | 0.60 to 0.24 | 370 to 210 | NA | Effective in refractory CSC |
| Jamil et al42 | 2012, Pakistan | Prospective intervention case series | CSC <6 mon and >6 mon | 43 | 1.25 mg IVB repeated at 4 weeks if SRF present | 6 mon | Decimal 0.25 to 0.70 | 557 to 286 | NA | IVB results visual improvement and reduced neurosensory detachment |
| Lim and Kim22 | 2011, Korea | Prospective interventional case series | CSC >3 mon | 40 | 1.25 mg IVB, repeated at 6 weeks if SRF present | >12 mon | Improved group: 0.25 to 0.09, Persistent group 0.25 to 0.2 | Improved group 432 to 201, Persistent group 432 to 377 | NA | 82.5% showed complete resolution of SRF within 3 months IVB is efficacious |
| Lee and Adelman25 | 2011, USA | Retrospective case series | Recurrent | 3 | 1.5 mg IVB, repeated at every 4 weeks if SRF present | Case 1: 4 mon, Case 2: 6 mon, Case 3: 9 mon | (1) 0.3 to 0 (2) 0.3 to 0.1 (3) 0.3 to 0 | (1) 500 to 162 (2) 344 to 187 (3) 320 to 405 | Thick CMT persistent in case 3 | Effective treatment option for recurrent CSC |
| Inoue et al24 | 2011, Japan | Prospective interventional case series | Chronic CSC >6 mon or recurrent type | 5 | 1.25 mg IVB, repeated at 4 weeks if SRF present | 12 mon | 0.23 to 0.17 | 323 to 171 | None | Well tolerated in maintaining vision and reducing SRF |
| Li and Zhang3 | 2010, China | Case series | CSC >6 mon | 2 | 2.5mgIVB | 6 mon | (1) 0.4 to 1.0 (2) 0.5 to 1.0 | NA | None | Promising results |
| Mehany et al41 | 2010, Egypt | Prospective interventional case series | Group 1: acute CSC Group 2: CSC >6 mon or recurrent type | 20 | 1.25 mg IVB repeated injection | 6 mon | Group 1 0.48 to 0.18 Group 2 0.60 to 0.30 | 486 to 272 | Subconj hemo | Promising results |
| Lim et al13 | 2010, Korea | Retrospective case series | CSC >3 mon and recurrent type | 6 | 1.25 mg IVB | 3 mon | ETDRS letters 40.8 to 53.3 | 331.5 to 164 | NA | Effective, but recurrence after 4 to 5 months after IVB in 4 of 6 patients |
| Seong et al1 | 2009, Korea | Retrospective interventional case series | Acute CSC <6 mon | 10 | 1.25 mg IVB | 6 mon | 0.32 to 0.04 | NA | None | Promising results |
| Schaal et al23 | 2009, Germany | Interventional case series | Chronic CSC | 12 | 2.5 mg IVB, repeated at 6–8 weeks if SRF present | 6 mon | 0.58 to 0.42 | 304.5 to 218.8 | NA | Promising therapeutic option in the treatment of chronic CSC |
| Torres-Soriano et al2 | 2008, Mexico | Interventional pilot study | CSC >3 mon, recurred, or acute with severe symptoms | 5 | 2.5 mg IVB | 6 mon | Description by case, 4 cases improved to Snellen 20/20, one case 20/40 to 20/25 | Description of 2 cases: 394 to 170, 428 to 210 | NA | Possibly effective |
Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; CMT, central macular thickness; CSC, central serous chorioretinopathy; ETDRS, Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study; IVB, intravitreal bevacizumab injection; mon, months; NA, not available; SRF, subretinal fluid.