Effects of OxPAPC, lyso-PC and their combination on endothelial monolayer permeability. Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells were grown on golden microelectrodes. At the time point indicated by arrow, cells were treated with: (A) 5 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, or 100 μg/ml OxPAPC; (B) 5 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, or 100 μg/ml of lyso-PC; or (C) combination of 20 μg/ml OxPAPC and 20 μg/ml of lyso-PC followed by measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) reflecting EC monolayer barrier properties. Shown are representative results of five independent experiments.