Table 2.

Screening with or without subsequent management of COPD by community pharmacists

Citation, Country	Purpose of study	Description of study	Type and method of		Outcome measure	Key findings	comments
			screening	management
Screening for COPD without subsequent management component
1. Castillo et al.49 2008. Spain	To evaluate the feasibility of a community pharmacy program for COPD case finding in high risk customers by means of spirometry	Design: Pilot cross-sectional descriptive study N: 161 Duration: 1 month	Questionnaire: Validated GOLD screening questionnaire Lung function test: spirometry	Referral to the hospital for further assessment	Primary: identification of patients at high risk of COPD. Secondary: assess feasibility of providing spirometry by community pharmacies	62% were identified at high risk by the GOLD questionnaire and 24% had an FEV1/FVC ratio<0.7 indicative of airflow limitation. 70% of spirometries were rated as being of acceptable quality	Multi-site setting. Convenience sampling Pharmacists training provided
Screening for COPD with subsequent management
2. Fuller et al.50 2012. USA	To determine if pharmacists can accurately perform spirometry screening and interpret results	Design: prospective study N: 185 Duration: 4 months	Questionnaire: Validated COPD screener questionnaire Lung function test: spirometry	Referral of people with obstruction to their physician for review and follow-up. Lung age calculation for active smokers based on their spirometry result and counseling provided on smoking cessation. Patients were followed-up after 2-6 months by phone or email	Primary: identification of patients at high risk of COPD. Secondary: assess feasibility of providing spirometry by community pharmacies Spirometry screening improved enrolment in smoking cessation programs	9% of people screened had airflow obstruction FEV1/FVC<LLN (lower limit of Normal) indicative of obstructive lung disease. 99% of the spirometry tests were judged acceptable by pulmonary experts. 78% reported some attempt at smoking cessation and 22% had successfully quit smoking after screening. 33% of the participants with obstruction had seen their physician for treatment	Multi-site setting (4 pharmacies). Convenience sampling Pharmacists training provided