Table 1. Basic characteristic of the study samples.
| Variables | Type 2 diabetes | Controls | P | Type 2 diabetes | P | ||
| Normal UAE | Microalbuminuria | Macroalbuminuria | |||||
| N | 675 | 855 | 260 | 378 | 37 | ||
| Age(years) | 62.0±12.7 | 64.3±10.3 | <0.0001 | 62.5±11.9 | 62.1±12.8 | 57.3±15.2 | 0.06 |
| Gender | |||||||
| male | 334 | 390 | 142 | 171 | 21 | ||
| female | 341 | 465 | 0.13 | 118 | 207 | 16 | 0.04 |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Yes | 132 | 244 | 63 | 71 | 9 | ||
| No | 543 | 611 | <0.0001 | 197 | 307 | 28 | 0.23 |
| Drinking status | |||||||
| Yes | 141 | 89 | 57 | 84 | 6 | ||
| No | 534 | 766 | <0.0001 | 203 | 294 | 31 | 0.70 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 25.1±3.7 | 23.4±3.3 | <0.0001 | 25.1±3.6 | 25.1±3.8 | 24.3±4.1 | 0.45 |
| WHR | 0.94±0.1 | 0.88±0.1 | <0.0001 | 0.93±0.07 | 0.94±0.08 | 0.93±0.07 | 0.75 |
| SBP(mmHg) | 137.4±20.3 | 129.1±16.8 | <0.0001 | 131.1±17.2 | 140.5±21.0 | 150.1±20.7 | <0.0001 |
| DBP(mmHg) | 77.0±11.0 | 80.2±10.5 | <0.0001 | 74.8±9.9 | 77.9±11.3 | 82.2±11.4 | <0.0001 |
| TG(mmol/L) | 1.8±1.6 | 1.5±1.0 | <0.0001 | 1.81±1.88 | 1.79±1.36 | 2.09±1.94 | 0.56 |
| TC(mmol/L) | 5.3±1.4 | 4.9±0.9 | <0.0001 | 5.2±1.3 | 5.2±1.4 | 6.0±1.6 | 0.01 |
| FPG(mmol/L) | 8.5±3.5 | 5.2±0.8 | <0.0001 | 8.6±3.1 | 8.6±3.8 | 7.9±3.4 | 0.48 |
| Cr(µmol/L) | 70(59–86) | 68(54–83) | <0.0001 | 66(58–76) | 73(58–93) | 100(79–218) | <0.0001 |
| BUN(mmol/L) | 5.6(4.5–7.1) | 5.9(4.6–10.9) | <0.0001 | 5.1(4.3–6.3) | 5.7(4.5–8.0) | 8.9(6.5–15.8) | <0.0001 |
BMI: body mass index; WHR: waist to hip ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; Cr: creatinine; Bun: blood urea nitrogen; UAE: urinary albumin excretion in 24 h.
Data are shown as mean ± SD., median (interquartile range) or N.