WBCs harvested from mediastinal lymph nodes were stimulated as described previously described (Figure 5). Stimulation revealed that cells from infected neonatal mice with active infections (Groups 1 and 3) secreted elevated levels of IFN-g and IL-2 when compared to infected adults and controls (A, B). Cells harvested from infected neonatal mice secreted predominantly Th2 (IL-5, 4, 10, and 13) cytokines in response to chlamydial antigen compared to infected adults and control groups (C-F). Infected neonates with AAD (group 1) produced significantly more IL-5, IL-4, and IL-13 compared to corresponding adult groups (P = 0.0302, 0.0437, and 0.0362 respectively C, D, F). Infected neonates which did not have AAD were also able to produce significantly elevated levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to adults groups as well (P = 0.0456, 0.0075 respectively C, F). Cells were also stimulated with PBS and J774A.1 proteins as controls (data not shown).