Table 1.
Sample Description
| AUT | PDD-NOS | DD | TYP | AUT (Visit 2) | AUT (Visit 3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-sectional Cohort | Longitudinal Cohort | |||||
| N | 128 | 46 | 44 | 59 | 39 | 39 |
| Age in years (SD) | 4.14 (1.57)a | 4.07 (1.88) a | 3.85 (1.55) a | 3.71 (1.46) a | 5.35 (1.32) | 6.23 (1.25) |
| Male (n, %) | 108 (84.4) | 41 (89.1) | 35 (79.5) | 44 (74.6) | 36 (92.3) | 36 (92.3) |
| NVDQ (SD) | 59.13 (19.73) a | 80.37 (17.60) b | 61.62 (17.02) a | 109.18 (14.40) c | 55.08 (16.62) a | 56.75 (25.82) a |
| VDQ (SD) | 40.47 (19.35) a | 69.80 (23.39) b | 57.75 (19.10) b,c | 107.85 (15.53) d | 42.58 (21.56) a | 42.70 (26.62) a |
| ADOS Module (n, %) 1 | ||||||
| Toddler | 6 (4.7) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (3.4) | ||
| Module 1 | 110 (85.9) | 20 (43.5) | 24 (54.5) | 8 (13.6) | 29 (74.4) | 28 (71.8) |
| Module 2 | 10 (7.8) | 16 (34.8) | 16 (36.4) | 28 (47.5) | 9 (23.1) | 9 (23.1) |
| Module 3 | 2 (1.6) | 8 (17.4) | 2 (4.5) | 21 (35.6) | 1 (2.5) | 2 (5.1) |
Note. AUT=autism; PDD-NOS=pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified; DD=non spectrum developmental delay; TD=typical development. NVDQ=nonverbal developmental quotient; VDQ=verbal developmental quotient; ADOS=Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule.
Differing superscripts in the same row denote means that differ significantly at p < 0.05
1
One subject in the DD group was unable to complete an ADOS at the initial visit.