DNMTs |
DNMT1 mutations |
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1); autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness, and narcolepsy (ADCA-DN) |
[54–56] |
DNMTs |
DNMT3a functional mutations or deletions |
Acquisition of developmental mental defects; impaired postnatal neurogenesis |
[46] |
DNMTs |
DNMT3b mutations |
The immunodeficiency, centromere instability, facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome |
[51, 57, 58] |
MBPs |
MBD1 deletions |
Reduced neuronal differentiation and increased genomic instability. |
[64, 65] |
MBPs |
MeCP2 mutations or overexpression |
Rett syndrome (RTT); mental retardation, autism, and psychiatric symptoms |
[66–78] |
Methylatable CGG repeats |
CGG methylation on FMR1 genes |
Fragile X mental retardation syndrome (FXS); fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) |
[51, 88–91] |
TETs |
TET2 mutations |
Leukemia; loss of 5hmC |
[114, 135–137] |
5mC excision |
Gadd45b deletion |
Induced proliferation of NPCs and dendritic growth of newborn neurons; loss of 5hmC |
[113] |
TET co-factors |
IDH deletions or mutations |
Various cancer types; loss of 5hmC |
[115–118] |
TET co-factors |
Ogt overexpression |
Elevation of neurons exhibiting axon branching and the numbers of axonal filopodia |
[122] |