Table 3.
Source | pH | Reactor | VSS g/L | HRT | Influent mg/L | Removal ratio | Average removal efficiency (%) | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NH4–N | SO4–S | NH4 : SO4 | NH4–N | SO4–S | ||||||
K2SO4 | 8.5 | Lab-scale reactor | N.A. | 1 d | 229 | 163 | 2.01 : 1 | 44.4 | 40 | [15] |
NH4Cl | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
NaNO2 | 8–8.2 | NRBC reactor | 0.32–0.054 | 4–24 h | 288b | N.A. | 1.71 : 1.75 | 50b | N.A. | [14] |
(NH4)2SO4 | ||||||||||
(NH4)2SO4 | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
NH4Cl | 7.5–8.5 | UASB reactor | N.A. | 1.5 d | 60 | 240 | 2 : 1 | 40 | 30 | [38] |
NaNO2 | ||||||||||
NaSO4 | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
(NH4)2SO4 | 7.5 | Expanded bed reactor | 14.9 | 1 d | 843 | 130 | 2 : 1 | 56.82a | 71.67a | [37] |
NaNO2 | ||||||||||
| ||||||||||
Na2S·9H2O | 8.33 ± 0.18 | UASB reactor | 35.7 | 0.8 h | 350 | 264 | N.A. | 94.7 | N.A. | [39] |
aConcentration in mg/L, bconcentration in mmol/L/D, N.A.: not Available.