Model simulations for the % total, % sequential and % ping-pong fluxes of GR. Normalized fluxes of GR with both varying NADPH and GSSG in the absence of products at optimal pH 7.5: (A) total flux, (B) sequential flux, and (C) ping-pong flux; with NADP+ (10 μM) as the only product inhibitor: (D) total flux, (E) sequential flux, and (F) ping-pong flux; with GSH (10 mM) as the only product inhibitor: (G) total flux, (H) sequential flux, and (I) ping-pong flux. Normalized fluxes of GR with both varying NADPH and GSSG in the absence of products and at acidic pH 6.0: (J) total flux, (K) sequential flux, and (L) ping-pong flux. Model was simulated using estimated parameters from Montero et al. [30]. All the total flux values were obtained by dividing with the maximum flux value in the absence of products. Ping-pong and sequential fluxes were calculated as the fraction of the total flux for the respective substrate concentrations.